Zits are a common skin concern, often appearing as red, swollen bumps. Many people experience a zit bleeding, which can be unsettling. Understanding why zits bleed can help manage them effectively and reduce potential complications.
Understanding Zit Formation and Bleeding
A zit begins when hair follicles, or pores, become clogged. This blockage occurs due to an overproduction of sebum, an oily substance from the skin’s sebaceous glands, combined with dead skin cells. This creates an environment for bacteria, particularly Propionibacterium acnes, to multiply within the clogged pore.
The body’s immune system responds to this bacterial proliferation by sending white blood cells to the area, leading to inflammation, redness, and swelling. This inflammatory response causes tiny blood vessels, called capillaries, to expand around and within the zit. When external pressure is applied, such as from squeezing or picking, these delicate, inflamed capillaries can rupture, resulting in bleeding.
Factors Influencing Bleeding and Immediate Care
Several factors influence how easily a zit bleeds. The most common cause is physical trauma, like picking, squeezing, or scrubbing the affected skin. This force can rupture the fragile blood vessels that have formed as part of the inflammatory process within the zit. Deep or inflamed zits, such as cysts or nodules, also tend to bleed more readily due to their extensive inflammation and involvement of deeper skin layers.
If a zit starts to bleed, immediate care can help minimize complications. First, apply gentle, consistent pressure to the bleeding area with a clean tissue or cloth for one to two minutes. If bleeding continues, holding an ice cube (wrapped in a clean cloth) against the spot for up to 15 minutes can help, as the cold constricts blood vessels and reduces blood flow. After the bleeding stops, gently clean the area with mild soap and water, then apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to help prevent infection.
Preventing Bleeding and Seeking Professional Help
The most effective way to prevent zits from bleeding is to avoid picking or squeezing them. These actions not only cause bleeding but can also spread bacteria, increase inflammation, and lead to scarring. Maintaining a consistent, gentle skincare routine, including washing the face twice daily with a mild cleanser, can help reduce zit formation by removing dead skin cells and impurities.
While most bleeding zits heal with proper care, professional medical advice is sometimes recommended. Consult a dermatologist if a zit is persistently bleeding, becomes painful, shows signs of infection like increased redness or pus, or if you experience frequent breakouts of deep, painful cysts or nodules. A dermatologist can offer targeted treatments, including prescription medications or in-office procedures, to manage severe acne and prevent long-term damage.