Watery eyes, medically known as epiphora, are a common experience when feeling unwell. This involves excess tear production or impaired drainage, causing tears to overflow onto the face.
Often a temporary and natural bodily response, it can be an uncomfortable symptom of various illnesses. Understanding why this occurs can help manage discomfort and recognize when medical attention is needed.
Understanding Increased Tear Production
Tears are more than just a byproduct of emotion; they play an important role in maintaining eye health. They lubricate the eye’s surface, wash away foreign particles and irritants, and contain components that help protect against infections. This protective tear film is produced by glands above the eyes and then drains into the nose through tiny openings in the inner corners of the eyelids, via the nasolacrimal duct system.
When the body encounters an illness, several physiological responses can stimulate increased tear production. Inflammation and irritation, particularly in the nasal passages, can affect the tear ducts, which are directly connected. The immune system’s response, such as the release of histamines to fight infection or allergens, can also lead to increased blood flow and swelling in the surrounding tissues, including those around the eyes, prompting tear glands to produce more tears. This overflow occurs when the tear drainage system is overwhelmed by the increased volume of tears.
Illnesses Causing Watery Eyes
Several common illnesses often cause watery eyes due to the body’s reaction to infection or irritation. The common cold and flu often lead to watery eyes because the viruses cause inflammation and congestion in the nasal passages, which can put pressure on and affect the tear ducts. This irritation can trigger reflex tearing as the body attempts to flush out the viral particles.
Allergies, though not illnesses, are a common cause of watery eyes. When allergens like pollen or dust enter the eyes, the immune system releases histamine, causing blood vessels to swell and the eyes to become itchy, red, and watery.
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner eyelid. This can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, or allergies, and often results in watery, red, and itchy eyes, sometimes with discharge. Sinus infections, which involve inflammation of the sinus cavities, can also exert pressure on the tear ducts, leading to tear overflow.
When to Consult a Doctor
While watery eyes are often a temporary and harmless symptom of illness, certain signs require medical attention. Consult a doctor if watery eyes are accompanied by persistent eye pain, severe redness, or any changes in vision, such as blurriness or light sensitivity.
Other symptoms include a discharge that is yellow or green, a foreign body sensation, or noticeable swelling or lumps around the eye area. If the watery eyes worsen, do not improve after a few days, or if only one eye is affected, seek medical advice. These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition, such as an infection requiring specific treatment or a blocked tear duct that needs intervention.
At-Home Comfort Measures
Managing watery eyes at home can involve several steps to alleviate discomfort. Gently wiping away excess tears with a clean tissue can prevent skin irritation. Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen irritation or introduce infection. Maintaining good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing, also helps prevent spreading germs.
Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help soothe irritation and may assist with tear drainage if there is a mild blockage. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids supports bodily functions and can help thin mucus. Over-the-counter artificial tears can provide lubrication and help flush out irritants, even if the eyes are already watery. Resting the eyes and body helps the immune system recover. Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments, can add moisture to the air, which may reduce eye irritation.