Warts are common skin growths that develop when the human papillomavirus (HPV) infects the top layer of the skin. These growths can appear on various parts of the body and, while harmless, can sometimes bleed. Understanding why they bleed helps in managing them.
Wart Structure and Blood Vessels
Warts are non-cancerous skin growths characterized by an overgrowth of skin cells. Beneath the surface, they have a rich blood supply from the dermis. Tiny blood vessels, called capillaries, grow into the wart tissue, nourishing its cells.
These capillaries extend close to the wart’s outer surface, sometimes appearing as small, dark dots, often called “wart seeds.” Their superficial position makes the wart susceptible to injury. Any disruption to the wart’s surface can easily rupture these delicate blood vessels, leading to bleeding.
Common Causes of Wart Bleeding
Bleeding from a wart results from external forces or daily activities. Direct physical trauma is a common cause, such as inadvertently scratching, picking, or shaving over the wart. Even minor impacts can damage the superficial capillaries within the wart tissue.
Friction from clothing, shoes, or jewelry can also irritate a wart and cause it to bleed, especially if the wart is on a high-contact area. Warts on the hands, feet, or areas that rub against other body parts are more vulnerable. Plantar warts, on the soles of the feet, often bleed due to pressure from walking and body weight.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Home Care
Minor bleeding from a wart, such as a small amount that stops quickly, can be managed at home. Apply gentle, direct pressure to the bleeding site with a clean cloth or gauze for five to ten minutes to stop the flow. Keeping the affected area clean with mild soap and water can also prevent complications.
However, certain situations warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. If the bleeding is excessive, does not stop after several minutes of consistent pressure, or recurs frequently, medical evaluation is advisable. Signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or escalating pain around the wart, also require professional attention. Any significant change in the wart’s appearance or a sudden increase in pain should prompt a medical consultation.