Earwigs are common insects often encountered in gardens or homes, particularly in damp, sheltered areas. These creatures possess a distinctive appearance that includes a pair of prominent pincer-like appendages at their rear. Many people often wonder about the unusual name “earwig,” which sparks curiosity about its origins and the insect’s connection to human ears.
How ‘Earwig’ Got Its Name
The common name “earwig” originates from Old English, derived from “Δ“are” (ear) and “wicga” (insect or wiggler), suggesting a historical association with ears that predates modern entomological understanding. One theory for the name relates to the unique structure of their hindwings, which, when unfurled, are said to resemble a human ear. Another belief is the long-held superstition that earwigs would intentionally seek out warm, dark places, including human ears; this myth dates back centuries. Their pincer-like cerci may also have been associated with ancient tools for ear piercing or cleaning, further cementing the “ear” connection. Many European languages have similar ear-related names, such as the German “Ohrwurm” (earworm) or the French “perce-oreille” (ear piercer).
The Myth of Ear Invasion
Despite their name, the widespread belief that earwigs frequently crawl into human ears is largely unfounded. While earwigs are drawn to dark, damp, and secluded spaces, the human ear canal is not a typical or preferred habitat for them. Any instance of an earwig entering an ear is an extremely rare, accidental occurrence, similar to other small insects that might inadvertently wander into such an opening.
The unsettling appearance of their distinctive rear pincers, known as cerci, likely contributed to the frightening imagery associated with this misconception. However, these pincers are primarily used for defense or capturing prey, not for burrowing into flesh or laying eggs inside a person’s head.
Key Characteristics of Earwigs
Earwigs belong to the insect order Dermaptera, characterized by their elongated, somewhat flattened bodies. Most species range from 5 to 50 millimeters (0.2 to 2 inches) and are typically brown to black.
A defining feature is the pair of prominent, forcep-like appendages, called cerci, at the end of their abdomen. These cerci serve various functions, including defense, grasping prey, and assisting in the precise folding of their large, membranous hindwings beneath their short, leathery forewings.
Earwigs are primarily nocturnal, meaning they are most active during the night. During the day, they seek refuge in moist, dark, and sheltered environments like under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and various crevices. While most species possess wings and are capable of flight, they are rarely observed flying.