Earwigs are common insects often found in gardens and damp environments, recognized by the distinctive pincer-like appendages at their rear. These nocturnal creatures, belonging to the order Dermaptera, frequently spark curiosity and confusion due to their unusual name. This article explores the linguistic history behind their name and clarifies their actual habits.
Unraveling the Name’s Origin
The name “earwig” has roots in Old English, derived from “Δ“are” meaning “ear” and “wicga” which translates to “insect” or “beetle,” sometimes interpreted as “ear wiggler” or “ear creature.” One theory suggests the insect’s folded hindwings, which are unique among insects, resemble a human ear. Another explanation points to their cerci, the prominent pincers at their tail end, resembling old tools used for ear piercing or cleaning.
Despite these anatomical connections, the name is most strongly associated with ancient folklore. This widespread superstition, dating back to the first millennium, claimed earwigs would intentionally crawl into the ears of sleeping people. The myth suggested these insects might burrow into the brain or lay eggs, a notion that fueled fear and contributed to their peculiar designation. This false belief has significantly shaped public perception of earwigs for centuries.
Dispelling the Myths: Earwig Reality
Despite the unsettling folklore, earwigs do not seek out human ears and are not dangerous. They lack venom, do not bite, and pose no threat of spreading disease to humans. Earwigs are not specifically attracted to human ears, though rare instances of insects entering an ear canal can occur.
Earwigs are primarily outdoor insects active at night. During the day, they seek refuge in dark, moist environments, commonly found under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and decaying vegetation. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of decaying plants, fungi, and other small insects like aphids and mites. They can be considered beneficial in some garden settings due to their consumption of certain pests.
The pincers, or cerci, are primarily used for defense against predators, for mating, and occasionally for holding prey. If disturbed, an earwig might attempt to pinch, but their grip is weak and rarely breaks human skin, causing only minor discomfort. Earwigs that enter homes do so accidentally, seeking shelter from unfavorable outdoor conditions like excessive dryness or moisture.