Steroids, medications used for various health conditions, can sometimes cause individuals to feel jittery or restless. This sensation often prompts questions about its causes and management. Understanding steroid types and their actions is important to address this common concern.
Steroid Categories and Their Effects
Steroids broadly refer to two main categories: corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone, are prescribed for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They treat conditions like asthma, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. These medications mimic cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands, which plays a role in the body’s stress response. Corticosteroids can cause jitteriness, anxiety, and mood changes in some individuals.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. They are used to promote muscle growth, enhance athletic performance, and increase strength. While sometimes prescribed for medical conditions, their non-medical use is common. Anabolic steroids can also affect mood and energy, contributing to agitation, irritability, and restlessness.
Physiological Mechanisms of Jitteriness
Corticosteroids contribute to jitteriness through several biological pathways, primarily affecting the central nervous system. As synthetic versions of cortisol, they can heighten alertness, increase heart rate, and raise blood pressure, leading to anxiety and a “wired” sensation. Corticosteroids can also disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, which are crucial for mood regulation. This disruption can result in mood swings, agitation, and sleep difficulties.
Corticosteroids also influence the adrenal glands and blood sugar regulation. They can temporarily increase cortisol levels, impacting the body’s natural stress response. These medications can also cause elevated blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms like increased thirst, weakness, and blurry vision, which can contribute to a shaky or jittery feeling. Long-term use of corticosteroids can also impact brain structure, including changes in white and gray matter, which may be linked to psychiatric side effects like agitation and mood disorders.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids induce jitteriness by influencing neurotransmitters, hormones, and overall metabolic rate. These steroids interact with androgen receptors found throughout the brain, including areas involved in mood and behavior. This interaction can alter the activity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, leading to mood disturbances, irritability, and restlessness. Anabolic steroids can increase dopamine levels, which is associated with the brain’s reward system, potentially leading to heightened energy.
Anabolic steroids can also affect the balance of hormones, including testosterone and estrogen, and can influence the body’s metabolic rate. Increased metabolic activity can manifest as heightened energy, internal tremors, or a general sense of being overstimulated. While not classified as stimulants, anabolic steroids can produce similar effects, enhancing alertness and potentially contributing to restlessness or agitation. They can also interact with GABAA receptors in the brain, which may contribute to increased anxiety.
Managing Jittery Sensations
Managing jittery sensations while on steroid therapy involves practical strategies and close collaboration with healthcare professionals. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is important, as fluctuations can intensify shakiness. Eating regular, balanced meals and limiting sugary foods can help in this regard. Consuming foods rich in protein and low in sodium can also support overall well-being and mitigate some side effects.
Practicing relaxation techniques can help calm the nervous system. Deep breathing exercises, meditation, or gentle yoga may reduce anxiety and restlessness. Ensuring adequate sleep is also important, as steroids can sometimes interfere with sleep patterns. If possible, taking prescribed corticosteroids in the morning can help minimize sleep disturbances. Avoiding other stimulants, such as caffeine, can prevent exacerbating jitteriness while on steroid treatment.
It is important to consult a healthcare professional if jittery sensations are severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. They may assess the dosage, timing, or type of steroid to determine if adjustments are needed. Individuals should never alter their prescribed steroid dosage or discontinue the medication without medical guidance, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms or other health complications.