Steroids can alter taste perception, a common concern. Taste is a complex sensory experience influenced by medications. Certain steroids interact with the body’s systems, leading to changes in how food and drinks are perceived as a side effect.
How We Perceive Taste
Taste perception begins with taste buds, located primarily on the tongue within papillae. Each taste bud contains 50 to 150 taste receptor cells with microvilli that detect dissolved food molecules.
Activated taste receptor cells send electrical signals to the brain’s gustatory cortex. Humans detect five basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. The brain interprets these signals, combined with smell and other sensations, to create flavor.
Corticosteroids and Taste Changes
Corticosteroids, like prednisone and dexamethasone, are associated with taste alterations. Prescribed for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, they treat conditions such as asthma, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. Patients often report a metallic or bitter taste, increased sweetness perception, or blunted taste.
The mechanisms behind these taste changes are not fully understood. Corticosteroids can directly impact taste buds and olfactory receptors, altering their function. They might also reduce zinc levels, a mineral important for taste and smell.
These steroids can disrupt the balance of salts, acids, and alkalis in saliva, affecting flavor perception. Dry mouth, a common side effect, also contributes by reducing saliva needed to dissolve taste molecules. Taste changes often begin soon after starting medication and usually resolve once treatment is discontinued.
Anabolic Steroids and Taste Impact
Anabolic steroids, synthetic substances similar to testosterone, are known for muscle growth and performance enhancement. Unlike corticosteroids, direct taste changes are not a commonly reported side effect. Scientific evidence directly linking anabolic steroids to taste alterations is limited.
Testosterone, and anabolic steroids, may indirectly influence taste or smell through general health changes or hormonal shifts. For instance, low testosterone can decrease appetite, potentially affecting taste perception. However, the primary taste bud impact seen with corticosteroids is not observed with anabolic steroids.
Addressing Taste Alterations
For individuals experiencing taste changes due to steroid use, several strategies can help. Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and rinsing, can neutralize unpleasant tastes. Staying well-hydrated helps thin saliva and reduce medication concentration, while using plastic utensils may reduce a metallic taste.
Experimenting with different food textures, temperatures, or stronger seasonings can enhance dulled flavors. Sucking on sugar-free candies or chewing gum can stimulate saliva production and mask unpleasant tastes. If taste changes are severe, persistent, or cause nutritional concerns, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and potential dosage adjustments.