Owls are often portrayed as creatures of the night, silently soaring through moonlit skies in pursuit of prey. Many believe all owls are exclusively nocturnal, active only after dark.
While many owl species are most active under cover of darkness, the world of owls is more diverse than this suggests, with some species regularly breaking from this nocturnal stereotype by exhibiting activity during daylight hours.
Understanding Owl Activity Patterns
The activity patterns of animals are broadly categorized into three main types. Nocturnal animals are active primarily during the night, a pattern common among many owl species, such as the Great Horned Owl and the Barn Owl. These owls possess adaptations like exceptional night vision and acute hearing that enable them to hunt efficiently in low light conditions. Their activity aligns with the nocturnal rhythms of their primary prey, which often include small mammals like rodents.
Conversely, diurnal animals are active during the day, similar to most birds of prey like hawks and eagles. While less common among owls, certain species, such as the Northern Hawk Owl, are predominantly diurnal, hunting and moving about in full daylight.
A third pattern is crepuscular, describing animals most active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk. Many owl species, including the Barred Owl and the Short-eared Owl, exhibit crepuscular tendencies, taking advantage of the reduced light for hunting while avoiding the full darkness preferred by strictly nocturnal predators.
Why Some Owls Are Active During the Day
The decision for some owl species to be active during the day is often driven by ecological pressures and resource availability. One significant factor is the activity patterns of their preferred prey. For instance, the Northern Hawk Owl primarily preys on voles and shrews, which are often more active during daylight hours, making daytime hunting more efficient for this species. Similarly, species like the Burrowing Owl, which often hunts insects and small rodents, may adapt to diurnal activity when these food sources are readily available in the open habitats they frequent.
Habitat type also influences an owl’s activity schedule. Owls inhabiting open grasslands or tundra, such as the Short-eared Owl, may hunt during the day because their prey is more exposed and visible. In these open landscapes, daylight vision can outweigh nighttime stealth. Reduced competition with other nocturnal predators, such as larger owls or mammals, can also encourage some species to forage during the day, carving out a unique ecological niche. Seasonal needs, especially during breeding when food demands are high for adults and owlets, also increase daytime activity.
Spotting Owls in Daylight
Observing owls during daylight hours can be a rewarding experience for nature enthusiasts. One of the clearest indicators that an owl might be present during the day is the “mobbing” behavior of smaller birds. Passerines like jays, crows, and various songbirds often harass and loudly scold owls that are roosting or moving in daylight, attempting to drive the perceived threat away from their nests or territories. Following the commotion of these agitated birds can often lead observers to a hidden owl.
Some owl species are more frequently encountered during the day due to their naturally diurnal or crepuscular habits. The Short-eared Owl, often seen hunting low over open fields, and the Snowy Owl, which stands out against snow-covered landscapes, are prime examples of species regularly observed in daylight. The Northern Hawk Owl, typically found in northern coniferous forests, is another species known for its daytime activity.
When spotting owls, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing them. Binoculars or a spotting scope allow for close observation without stressing the owl, ensuring a positive experience for both observer and wildlife.