Toenails that curl inwards at the sides are a common foot concern, often leading to a painful ingrown toenail. This issue can cause significant discomfort and, if not properly addressed, may result in complications. Understanding the underlying causes and management strategies is important for maintaining foot health.
What is an Ingrown Toenail
An ingrown toenail, medically termed onychocryptosis, occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This condition most frequently affects the big toe, though it can occur on any toe. Symptoms involve pain, tenderness, redness, and swelling around the affected nail. If an infection develops, there might also be pus or fluid drainage. Discomfort can worsen with pressure or when wearing shoes, impacting daily activities.
Reasons for Inward-Curling Toenails
Several factors contribute to toenails curling inwards and becoming ingrown. One frequent cause is improper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short, rounding the corners, or tearing them, which encourages the nail to grow into the skin.
Wearing tight or ill-fitting footwear also plays a significant role. Shoes that crowd the toes exert pressure, forcing the nail to curl or grow into the surrounding skin. High heels and shoes with narrow toe boxes are problematic as they compress the toes, increasing the likelihood of ingrown nails. Some individuals have a genetic predisposition, inheriting naturally curved or fan-shaped toenails.
Trauma or injury to the toe can also lead to abnormal nail growth. Stubbing a toe, dropping something heavy on the foot, or repetitive pressure from activities like running can damage the nail bed and alter the nail’s growth pattern. Fungal infections can cause the toenail to thicken, widen, or deform, increasing its tendency to curl inwards. Certain medical conditions can further impact nail health and increase susceptibility. Diabetes or poor circulation can make ingrown nails more problematic due to reduced blood flow and slower healing. Older individuals may also experience thicker toenails as they age, which can increase the risk.
Preventing and Managing Ingrown Toenails at Home
Preventing ingrown toenails and managing mild cases often involves simple at-home practices. Correct nail trimming is a primary step: cut toenails straight across, not too short, and avoid rounding the corners. The nail should be long enough so that the corners lie loosely against the skin.
Choosing proper footwear is equally important; shoes should have ample toe room to allow toes to move freely without feeling cramped. Maintaining good foot hygiene by keeping feet clean and dry helps prevent infections that can worsen ingrown nails.
For mild cases, warm water soaks can help reduce swelling and tenderness. Soaking the affected foot for 10 to 20 minutes, two to four times a day, can soften the skin and nail. After soaking, gently lifting the nail edge with a small piece of cotton or waxed dental floss and placing it underneath can help the nail grow above the skin, but this should be done with caution. Avoid repeatedly picking at or tearing toenails, as this can exacerbate the problem.
When to See a Doctor
While many mild ingrown toenails can be managed at home, professional medical attention is sometimes necessary. See a doctor if there are signs of infection, such as severe or increasing pain, spreading redness, significant swelling, pus or fluid drainage, or a fever.
Seeking medical attention is also important if home remedies do not provide relief or if the condition worsens despite self-care efforts. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, poor circulation, nerve damage, or a compromised immune system, should consult a doctor immediately.
If ingrown toenails are a recurring problem, a doctor can assess the underlying causes and recommend appropriate long-term solutions. A medical professional might lift the nail, partially remove the nail, or in some cases, remove the entire nail to resolve the issue.