Many individuals occasionally notice a clicking sensation or sound when they push their teeth with their tongue, which can range from a subtle shift to a distinct click. This sensation often occurs as the tongue applies pressure, causing a slight movement in one or more teeth. While frequently benign, understanding the underlying reasons for this phenomenon can provide clarity.
Understanding Why Teeth Click
Teeth naturally possess a slight degree of mobility within their sockets, anchored by the periodontal ligament. This fibrous connective tissue allows for micro-movements during chewing and when pressure is applied, such as by the tongue. A subtle click can sometimes be the sound of a tooth briefly shifting within this ligamentous cushion.
When the upper and lower teeth do not align properly, a condition known as malocclusion, it can contribute to clicking. An uneven bite can cause certain teeth to make premature or unusual contact, leading to a clicking sound as they settle into their occlusal relationship under tongue pressure. This misalignment can place undue stress on specific teeth or parts of the jaw.
Issues with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jawbone to the skull, are another common factor. TMJ dysfunction can result in clicking, popping, or grinding sounds during jaw movement, which might become noticeable when the tongue manipulates teeth or the jaw. These sounds often arise from displacement of the articular disc within the joint or degenerative changes.
Gum disease, specifically periodontitis, can lead to tooth looseness. As the supporting bone and gum tissues around a tooth deteriorate, the tooth loses its stable anchorage. A loose tooth will exhibit increased mobility, making it more prone to clicking or shifting when light pressure is applied by the tongue.
Bruxism, the habit of clenching or grinding teeth, can also play a role. Chronic bruxism can weaken the periodontal ligament and even cause minor tooth fractures or wear, increasing their perceived mobility.
Dental restorations like crowns, bridges, or fillings, if not perfectly fitted, or even missing teeth, can alter the bite. These alterations can create uneven pressure points, leading to a clicking sensation as the tongue pushes against them or as adjacent teeth respond to the altered occlusal forces.
When to Consult a Dentist
While occasional clicking of teeth from tongue pressure can be harmless, certain accompanying symptoms suggest a professional dental evaluation is warranted. Persistent or worsening clicking should prompt a visit, especially if the sound becomes more pronounced or frequent over time. The presence of pain or discomfort in the teeth, gums, or jaw area indicates a potential dental issue.
Other symptoms that warrant a dental consultation include:
- Jaw stiffness, particularly in the morning, or difficulty opening and closing the mouth fully.
- Headaches, especially those localized around the temples or face, and earaches not related to an ear infection.
- Visible changes in the teeth, such as increased gaps, excessive wear, or sensitivity to temperature.
- Noticeable recession of the gums or bleeding during brushing.
Management and Treatment Options
Addressing problematic teeth clicking begins with a comprehensive dental examination to diagnose the underlying cause. The dentist will assess tooth alignment, gum health, and jaw joint function. This evaluation may involve X-rays to visualize bone structure and identify any hidden issues.
If malocclusion is contributing to the clicking, bite adjustments may be performed. This involves selectively reshaping small areas of tooth enamel to improve how the upper and lower teeth meet, thereby distributing forces more evenly.
For individuals experiencing bruxism, a custom-fitted night guard or splint can be prescribed. This acrylic device, worn over the teeth, protects them from grinding forces and can alleviate stress on the jaw joints, reducing tooth mobility.
Orthodontic treatment, such as braces or clear aligners, can correct significant bite alignment problems and reposition teeth into their ideal locations. This long-term solution addresses the root cause of misalignment-related clicking.
When gum disease is identified as the cause of tooth looseness, periodontal treatments are implemented. These procedures range from deep cleanings (scaling and root planing) to surgical interventions aimed at restoring gum and bone support around the teeth.
Stress management techniques can also be beneficial, as stress often contributes to jaw tension and bruxism. Relaxation exercises, mindfulness, and even professional counseling can help reduce the unconscious clenching and grinding that impact tooth stability.
In cases of severe TMJ dysfunction, a dentist might recommend physical therapy, medication, or, in rare instances, surgical intervention.