Orthodontic elastics, often called rubber bands, are a small but powerful component of braces treatment. They apply precise, controlled forces between the upper and lower jaws to correct bite alignment issues, known as malocclusions. While brackets and wires straighten teeth within each arch, elastics pull the arches together to fix overbites, underbites, and crossbites. Because they are constantly under tension in a dynamic oral environment, it is common for these bands to snap or lose effectiveness before their scheduled change time.
Common Reasons for Elastic Breakage
The most frequent cause of snapping is simple mechanical fatigue, as elastics are designed to be disposable and have a limited lifespan. The material, typically latex or a synthetic polymer, begins to lose strength almost immediately after being stretched and placed on the braces. A significant portion of the elastic’s initial force can decay within the first few hours of wear, making them ineffective and vulnerable to snapping after about 8 to 12 hours of continuous use.
The challenging environment inside the mouth also contributes significantly to material degradation. Saliva contains enzymes that can break down the polymer chains, and temperature variations from hot and cold foods further stress the material. Chemical exposure from certain substances, such as alcohol-containing mouthwashes or highly acidic foods, can accelerate this breakdown and weaken the elastic prematurely.
Physical damage is another direct cause, often occurring during chewing or when the mouth is opened wide. Hard, crunchy foods like nuts or ice can instantly sever the band, and sticky foods can cause the elastic to overstretch and lose integrity. Accidental snagging on a bracket or a sharp edge of a protruding archwire can also create a weak point that quickly leads to a complete break. Attempting to stretch the elastic too far during placement or using the wrong size prescribed by the orthodontist puts immediate, excessive tension on the band, causing it to fail.
Practical Steps to Prevent Snapping
The most effective strategy to prevent breakage is to follow a strict and frequent replacement schedule. Orthodontists typically recommend changing elastics at least three to four times a day, or after every instance of eating and brushing. This routine ensures that the forces acting on your teeth are consistent and prevents the bands from reaching the point of total material fatigue.
It is recommended to remove the elastics before consuming any food or beverage besides water, as this avoids both physical damage and chemical degradation. After eating and performing your oral hygiene routine, always replace them with a fresh pair. Carry your supply of elastics with you so you can replace a broken band immediately, rather than leaving the force incomplete.
When placing a new elastic, avoid overstretching the band before it is hooked onto the bracket. If your orthodontist provided a special elastic placer tool, use it to simplify the process and reduce the risk of snagging or undue force. Be gentle when opening your mouth wide. If you notice a sharp wire or a loose bracket that is consistently cutting the elastic, contact your orthodontic office right away for an adjustment.
How Broken Elastics Affect Treatment Progress
The primary function of elastics relies on the application of continuous, gentle force to move the dental arch. When an elastic breaks, that force is immediately lost, and the teeth may begin to drift back toward their original, incorrect positions. This regression occurs because the ligaments and bone around the teeth react quickly to the absence of pressure.
Inconsistent force from frequent breakage or sporadic wear is ineffective for promoting predictable tooth movement. Teeth require a sustained, steady push to safely and efficiently travel to their new location. Stopping and starting the use of elastics creates a cycle of movement and regression, which significantly slows down the entire treatment process. This non-compliance can ultimately extend the overall time you need to wear braces.