Orthodontic elastics, commonly called rubber bands, are interarch elastics used to correct the relationship between the upper and lower jaws. They apply continuous, gentle force to guide teeth and jaw alignment, specifically addressing bite issues like overbites or underbites. Frequent breakage directly compromises the continuity of the prescribed force and can slow down the overall treatment timeline. Understanding why they fail is the first step toward maintaining consistent wear and achieving a successful outcome.
Common Reasons Elastics Fail
The most frequent cause of snapping is material fatigue. Latex and non-latex elastics are designed to deliver a specific force, but they begin losing their strength within hours of being stretched. A significant portion of the original force can decay within the first 12 to 24 hours of wear, making the band weaker and more prone to snapping even without external stress.
The mechanical forces exerted during normal jaw function contribute to breakage. Every time the jaw moves, the elastic is stretched and compressed, placing cyclical stress on the material. Eating, in particular, subjects the elastics to sudden increases in tension, which can exceed the breaking point of the weakened material. Saliva and temperature changes also contribute to the degradation of the polymer structure over time. While less common, rough spots on brackets or hooks may prematurely nick and weaken the band, leading to a break.
Immediate Steps After a Band Breaks
When an elastic snaps, remove any broken pieces from the mouth and replace the band right away with a new one. If the elastic configuration involves a mirror image on the opposite side of the mouth, it is advisable to replace both the broken band and its partner to ensure balanced force is applied to both sides.
After replacing the elastic, visually inspect the bracket or hook where the band was attached to check for any damage. The appliance itself could have a loose piece or a sharp edge that caused the break. If the breakage appears to be a result of a damaged appliance, or if you are running low on replacement elastics, contact the orthodontist’s office for advice or to arrange a restock.
Preventing Future Breakage and Ensuring Treatment Progress
Replacement Schedule
The most effective way to prevent premature breakage is through strict adherence to a mandatory replacement schedule. Orthodontic elastics should be changed at least two to three times per day, typically after every meal and before bedtime, even if they appear intact. This frequent replacement is necessary because the force decay that begins within hours means an old, stretched band is no longer providing the prescribed, gentle pressure needed for effective tooth movement.
Proper Handling Technique
Proper technique for placing and removing the elastics helps preserve the band’s integrity. Use a mirror to ensure the band is hooked onto the correct attachments and that it is not being overstretched or nicked during placement. Practice gently unhooking the band rather than abruptly pulling it, which can cause micro-tears that lead to future snapping. Always remember the exact configuration prescribed by the orthodontist, as wearing the bands incorrectly can cause unwanted tooth movement or stall progress.
Diet and Compliance
Dietary modifications are a proactive measure to reduce breakage caused by sudden mechanical stress. Remove elastics before eating, especially when consuming foods that are hard, sticky, or excessively chewy. Compliance with all instructions, including consistent wear for 22 to 23 hours a day, is necessary for progress. Frequent, unmanaged breakage or inconsistent wear causes orthodontic progress to stall or even reverse, potentially extending the overall time spent in treatment.