Experiencing rib pain when coughing is a common symptom reported by individuals with COVID-19. It often stems from muscle strain or inflammation within the chest area. This article explores the physiological reasons behind this pain and offers practical guidance for managing it.
Understanding the Pain
Forceful and persistent coughing can impact the muscles supporting the respiratory system. The intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles work intensely during a cough. Repeated, powerful contractions can strain or tear these muscles, leading to soreness and pain. This muscle pain worsens with movement or deep breaths.
Beyond muscle strain, inflammation can also contribute to rib pain during a respiratory infection. Costochondritis involves inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone, a condition triggered by viral infections. This can result in localized tenderness and sharp or aching pain that intensifies with chest movement, coughing, or deep breathing. Similarly, pleurisy is an inflammation of the lining surrounding the lungs, which can cause sharp chest pain that is more pronounced during inhalation or coughing.
Persistent coughing might also indicate other issues. A stress fracture in a rib can occur, especially with underlying bone conditions. A developing lung infection like pneumonia can also present with sharp chest pain, accompanied by fever and chills. These are less frequent causes but warrant awareness if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Strategies for Relief
Managing rib pain involves several approaches. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. Always consult package instructions for dosage and potential drug interactions.
Resting and finding comfortable positions can minimize strain on the ribs. Sleeping slightly elevated, such as propped up with pillows, or lying on your side with a pillow between your knees, can help support the chest. Applying heat or cold to the affected area can also provide relief. Initially, ice packs can help reduce inflammation, while heat, such as a warm compress or heating pad, can relax muscles and improve blood circulation.
A technique known as “splinting” the chest involves holding a pillow firmly against the ribs or abdomen when a cough is anticipated, providing counter-pressure that can reduce the intensity of pain. Staying well-hydrated helps thin mucus, making coughs more productive and less strenuous. Using a humidifier can add moisture to the air, which soothes irritated airways and makes it easier to clear secretions. Gentle deep breathing exercises, if tolerated, can help maintain lung function without exacerbating pain.
When to Contact a Doctor
While rib pain from coughing due to COVID-19 is manageable at home, certain symptoms indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if the pain becomes unbearable, does not improve with self-care measures, or significantly interferes with breathing, sleeping, or daily activities. Persistent pain lasting more than two weeks also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Any new or worsening shortness of breath, especially at rest, requires immediate medical assessment. Chest pain that is crushing, squeezing, or radiates to the arm, jaw, or shoulder suggests a serious cardiac issue and necessitates emergency care. Persistent high fever or chills, along with a cough that produces colored (green, yellow, rusty) or bloody mucus, suggests a secondary bacterial infection like pneumonia. Other concerning symptoms include dizziness, new confusion, significant fatigue, or a bluish tint to the lips or face. Individuals with pre-existing lung conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or those with compromised immune systems, should contact their doctor promptly if symptoms worsen.