Orthodontic elastics are a prescribed part of treatment, applying targeted, continuous pressure between the upper and lower jaws to correct bite alignment and move teeth into their final positions. The constant snapping of these small bands is a common and frustrating experience for patients wearing braces. When an elastic breaks, it instantly halts the therapeutic force, which can significantly slow down treatment progress. Understanding the reasons behind the failure—whether due to handling, the oral environment, or material fatigue—is the first step toward minimizing the disruption.
Snapping Caused by Application and Misuse
The most frequent causes of elastics snapping are related to the patient’s habits and the technique used during application. Improper stretching when placing the elastic is a primary culprit, as pulling the band too far before securing it onto the bracket hook can create micro-tears in the polymer structure. These imperfections lead to a sudden snap later, even during normal movement like talking or yawning.
Overstretching can also occur after the elastic is in place due to habits like excessive jaw movement, grinding (bruxism), or playing with the elastics, which pushes the material past its elastic limit. Elastics are not designed to be reused; attempting to wear the same band for multiple days causes the polymer to lose its integrity and strength. Sometimes, the elastic can be punctured or cut by a sharp edge on a bracket, hook, or wire, which the orthodontist may need to smooth down if it becomes a recurring issue.
Snapping Caused by Material Weakness or Wear
Even when applied perfectly, the oral environment is hostile to the materials used in elastics, causing them to weaken rapidly over time. The constant presence of moisture and the fluctuating temperature within the mouth degrade the elastic’s strength, a process known as force degradation. Studies show that the greatest drop in force, sometimes up to 50%, occurs within the first four to five hours of wear, which is why they must be changed frequently.
Chemical breakdown is another significant factor, as elastics are exposed to substances that accelerate material weakening. Acids from sugary drinks and certain foods can attack the rubber compounds, reducing their elasticity and making them brittle. The mechanical stress of chewing contributes to the inherent fatigue of the polymer structure. Non-latex elastics, while necessary for patients with allergies, may exhibit a higher rate of breakage compared to latex alternatives.
Immediate Action and Replacement Protocol
When an elastic snaps, the immediate priority is to remove the broken pieces and replace the band instantly to maintain the prescribed force. The treatment relies on continuous pressure, and even a few hours without the elastic can allow teeth to shift back, slowing down overall progress. After replacement, check the surrounding brackets and wires for any signs of damage or irritation caused by the snap.
The most effective way to prevent snapping caused by material wear is to adhere to a strict replacement schedule. Orthodontists recommend changing elastics multiple times a day, typically after every meal and before bed, often meaning three to five times daily. If the snapping is continuous, if the elastic causes injury, or if the patient runs out of the prescribed supply, they should contact the orthodontist for guidance.