Nails peeling in layers are a common concern. Medically known as onychoschizia, this condition involves the horizontal splitting of the nail plate. It occurs frequently and can affect both fingernails and toenails. Understanding its contributing factors can help address the issue effectively.
Common Reasons for Nail Peeling
Nail peeling often results from a combination of external and internal factors. The nail plate consists of multiple layers of a protective protein called keratin, which also makes up hair and skin. These layers are tightly bound, but various influences can disrupt their adhesion, leading to peeling.
Frequent exposure to water is a common external cause, as nails are highly porous and absorb water, causing them to swell. Repeated cycles of swelling and contracting can weaken the nail structure and lead to peeling and breakage. Harsh chemicals found in cleaning products, as well as acetone-based nail polish removers, can strip away the natural oils and moisture from the nail plate, making them dry and brittle. Physical trauma, such as using nails as tools, picking at them, or aggressive buffing, can damage nail layers.
Internal factors also contribute to nail peeling, though they are generally less common than external causes. Nutritional deficiencies in iron, biotin (vitamin B7), zinc, or vitamin D, can impact nail health, as these nutrients are important for keratin production and overall nail strength. For instance, iron deficiency anemia can cause nails to become thin and prone to peeling. Certain underlying medical conditions like thyroid issues, psoriasis, or fungal infections can also manifest as nail abnormalities, including peeling.
At-Home Care for Peeling Nails
Addressing peeling nails involves consistent at-home care focused on hydration and protection. Regularly applying hand cream or cuticle oil helps to keep the nails and surrounding skin moisturized, to maintain flexibility and reduce brittleness. Look for products containing ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or nourishing oils.
Protecting nails from excessive moisture and harsh chemicals is important. Wearing cotton-lined rubber gloves when performing household chores involving water (e.g., washing dishes or cleaning) can significantly reduce nail damage. Opting for acetone-free nail polish removers can help, as acetone is known to dehydrate the nail plate and cuticles, making nails prone to peeling.
Proper nail filing techniques can prevent further splitting. Instead of using a back-and-forth sawing motion, which can fray the nail layers, file nails gently in one direction from the outer corner towards the center. Avoid using nails as tools or picking at them, to avoid physical trauma and peeling. A balanced diet rich in protein, iron, and other essential vitamins and minerals supports overall nail health.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While many cases of peeling nails can be managed with consistent at-home care, certain situations warrant consulting a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist. If nail peeling persists despite consistent self-care, or if it worsens, professional evaluation can help identify underlying issues.
Seek medical advice if peeling nails are accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These could include pain, swelling, discoloration, changes in nail shape, or signs of infection. If a nutritional deficiency (e.g., iron deficiency anemia) or an underlying medical condition (e.g., thyroid disorder, fungal infection) is suspected, a doctor can perform tests, provide a diagnosis, and recommend treatment.