Itchy gums during illness are a common, often temporary, symptom that can cause discomfort. Understanding the underlying reasons can help alleviate worries and guide self-care or when to seek professional advice. This sensation indicates a response within the oral cavity to systemic changes occurring in the body during an illness.
Understanding the Causes
When sick, the immune system activates a widespread response to combat infection. This immune reaction can lead to generalized inflammation throughout the body, including in the gums. Immune cells rush to sites of perceived threat, and their activity can contribute to redness, swelling, and itching in the gums.
Illness often results in dehydration and dry mouth due to reduced fluid intake and increased fluid loss. Saliva plays a significant role in cleansing the mouth and maintaining gum health. A decrease in saliva production can cause irritation and an itchy sensation in the gums, and also promote bacterial buildup, contributing to gum inflammation.
Allergic reactions can also cause itchy gums, sometimes exacerbated during illness. When exposed to allergens, the body releases histamines, which cause inflammation, leading to red, swollen, and itchy gums. This can occur with seasonal allergies like hay fever. Certain medications taken during illness, such as decongestants and antihistamines, are known to cause dry mouth as a side effect, which can then contribute to gum irritation and itching.
Associated Symptoms to Watch For
Itchy gums during an illness often coincide with other symptoms. If experiencing a common cold or flu, one might notice a sore throat, runny nose, congestion, sneezing, and coughing alongside the gum irritation. General fatigue and malaise are also frequently reported with these viral infections.
For those with allergies, itchy gums may accompany other symptoms like itchy eyes, nose, or throat, as well as sneezing. These symptoms arise from the body’s histamine response to allergens. Oral symptoms might include dry mouth, which can manifest as sticky saliva, cracked lips, or a dry, rough tongue. The gums may appear red, slightly swollen, or tender. Bad breath can also occur due to dry mouth or increased bacterial activity.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While itchy gums during illness are often temporary, certain signs suggest the need for professional medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider if the gum itching persists or worsens even as other illness symptoms begin to resolve. Severe pain or significant swelling in the gums could indicate a more serious underlying issue or infection.
Bleeding gums, especially if new or excessive, warrant attention, as healthy gums typically do not bleed easily. Difficulty eating or swallowing due to oral discomfort also suggests a need for professional assessment. If itchy gums are accompanied by a high fever or other severe systemic symptoms, such as an unexplained rash or hives, seeking medical advice is important to rule out severe allergic reactions or other complications.
Soothing Discomfort at Home
Home remedies can help alleviate the discomfort of itchy gums when sick. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water helps combat dry mouth and supports overall bodily functions. Proper oral hygiene, including gentle brushing and flossing, helps remove plaque and bacteria that can contribute to gum irritation.
Rinsing the mouth with a warm saltwater solution can provide soothing relief. Mix about half a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish it gently around the mouth before spitting it out. This solution can reduce inflammation, act as a mild antiseptic, and help maintain a balanced oral pH. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may also help manage any associated pain or discomfort.
To avoid further irritation, temporarily avoid spicy, acidic, or very hot or cold foods. Refraining from tobacco and alcohol can prevent further drying and irritation of the gums. Using a humidifier, particularly at night, can help keep the air moist and reduce dry mouth symptoms, contributing to overall oral comfort.