A burning sensation in the gums while brushing can be an uncomfortable experience, signaling irritation or inflammation in the delicate tissues of the mouth. This symptom has varied causes, from simple product sensitivity to underlying dental or medical conditions requiring professional attention. Understanding the source is the first step toward finding relief and ensuring long-term oral health.
Irritation from Oral Care Products
One common source of discomfort comes directly from the ingredients in daily oral hygiene products. Many mainstream toothpastes contain Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), a detergent and foaming agent harsh on sensitive oral mucosa. SLS strips away the mouth’s natural protective layer of mucus, leading to dryness and irritation. This makes the gum tissue vulnerable to inflammation and can increase canker sores.
Strong flavoring agents are another frequent culprit behind gum irritation. Flavorings like cinnamon, peppermint, and spearmint can act as contact irritants or allergens. Cinnamon is often cited as causing contact dermatitis, leading to redness, swelling, or a burning feeling on the gums and lips.
Mouthwashes often contribute to the problem, especially those containing a high concentration of alcohol. Alcohol irritates the mucous tissues, causing an immediate burning sensation and inflammation. Alcohol is also a drying agent that reduces saliva flow, exacerbating dry mouth and leaving the gum tissue susceptible to damage.
Brushing Technique and Tool Selection
Beyond chemical irritation, physical brushing technique can directly cause gum burning and trauma. Aggressive brushing, applying excessive force with a stiff-bristled toothbrush, physically damages the delicate gum tissue. This mechanical injury leads to inflammation and soreness, felt as a burn during brushing.
Using a toothbrush with bristles that are too firm (medium or hard) can be abrasive to the gums. Friction wears away the gum tissue, causing gum recession, which exposes sensitive tooth roots and increases discomfort. Switching to a soft or extra-soft bristled brush is recommended for effective cleaning without causing trauma to the gumline.
Another contributing factor is over-brushing, referring to brushing too frequently or for an excessive duration. Brushing three or more times a day with too much force can lead to cumulative mucosal wear. This repeated irritation prevents the gum tissue from healing between sessions, resulting in persistent tenderness that burns upon contact.
Underlying Causes of Gum Inflammation
In many cases, the burning is caused by an underlying oral health condition that makes the gums hypersensitive. The most common issue is gingivitis, a mild form of gum disease caused by plaque accumulation along the gumline. Unremoved plaque hardens into tartar, causing inflammation, redness, and swelling, making gums tender and prone to burning when brushed.
If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis, an advanced stage of gum disease. The infection spreads beneath the gumline, potentially damaging the bone supporting the teeth. Tissues affected by periodontitis are highly inflamed, causing intense pain and a burning sensation upon contact. Professional diagnosis and treatment are required.
Dry mouth (xerostomia) drastically reduces the protective saliva layer, leading to a chronic burning sensation. Saliva cleanses the mouth and neutralizes acids; its absence leaves the gums vulnerable to friction and irritation during brushing. Xerostomia is often a side effect of prescription medications or associated with systemic conditions like diabetes.
Other Contributing Factors
Temporary oral lesions, such as canker sores, are painful when irritated. Systemic issues, including nutritional deficiencies (iron or Vitamin B12), can manifest as generalized oral sensitivity or burning mouth syndrome. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during pregnancy, can also increase gum sensitivity.
Steps to Relieve Gum Burning
The first immediate step is to evaluate and adjust the products you use daily. Switching to a toothpaste free of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and strong flavorings like cinnamon can significantly reduce mucosal irritation. Use an alcohol-free mouthwash, which prevents the drying and irritating effects on sensitive gums.
Next, focus on changing physical brushing habits by replacing any medium or hard-bristled toothbrush with a soft or extra-soft version. Ensure you use a gentle, circular motion and minimal pressure, aiming to massage the gums rather than scrub them forcefully. If dry mouth is suspected, increasing water intake and discussing saliva substitutes with a dental professional can help restore the mouth’s protective moisture barrier.
If the burning sensation persists for more than two weeks after making these simple changes, professional consultation is necessary. These signs suggest an underlying issue like gingivitis, periodontitis, or another systemic condition that requires a proper dental examination and tailored treatment plan:
When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent bleeding
- Swelling
- Visible gum recession
- Sores