Eye pain is a frequent symptom during or after a COVID-19 infection, ranging from mild irritation to more noticeable soreness. Understanding the various factors contributing to this discomfort can provide clarity on potential causes.
How COVID Directly Affects the Eyes
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, can directly impact eye tissues. It uses ACE2 receptors, present in structures like the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and inside the eyelids), cornea, and retina, to infect cells. When the virus infects these cells, it can lead to inflammation.
Direct viral infection often results in conjunctivitis, or “pink eye,” characterized by symptoms such as redness, irritation, and a gritty sensation. Approximately 1 in 10 people with COVID-19 experience eye symptoms, with conjunctivitis being the most common. The body’s broader immune response can also trigger systemic inflammation, contributing to eye soreness and discomfort even without direct viral detection in the eye.
Other Contributors to Eye Discomfort
Beyond direct viral effects, several other factors associated with a COVID-19 illness can contribute to eye discomfort. Fevers, reduced fluid intake, or increased fluid loss can lead to dehydration, often resulting in dry, irritated eyes. This dryness can cause a burning or scratchy sensation, and symptoms may worsen for individuals who already experience dry eye. Prolonged periods of increased screen time, common during isolation, can also exacerbate existing eye dryness and strain.
Many people with COVID-19 also experience headaches, which can lead to increased light sensitivity, known as photophobia. Bright environments can become painful, making eyes feel sore or achy. This sensitivity can occur during the acute infection phase and may persist for weeks following recovery.
Sinus congestion and pressure, frequently accompanying COVID-19, can also cause referred pain around or behind the eyes. This pressure can make the eyes feel sore or ache, contributing to the overall sense of discomfort. These indirect effects, while not a direct viral attack on the eye, can significantly impact eye comfort during the illness.
When to Consult a Doctor
While many eye symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mild and resolve on their own, certain signs warrant professional medical evaluation. Consult a doctor for severe eye pain or any sudden changes in vision, such as blurriness or loss of sight. New onset of floaters, flashes of light, or persistent light sensitivity also require medical attention.
Contact a healthcare provider if one eye is significantly more painful or red than the other, or if there is pus or unusual discharge. Additionally, seek prompt consultation if eye symptoms worsen considerably despite overall improvement from COVID-19, or if pain is accompanied by headache, nausea, or vomiting. This guidance serves as an aid and does not replace professional medical advice.
Ways to Alleviate Eye Pain
Managing eye discomfort during a COVID-19 infection involves several practical approaches:
- Resting the eyes and reducing screen time to alleviate strain.
- Staying well-hydrated to combat dryness and irritation.
- Applying warm or cool compresses to soothe irritation and reduce swelling.
- Using over-the-counter lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) for dryness and gritty sensations.
- Taking pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for general pain or headaches, following dosage instructions.
- Avoiding rubbing the eyes.
- Refraining from wearing contact lenses during periods of irritation to prevent aggravation.