Eye pain during an illness, often described as discomfort or an ache in or around the eyes, is a frequent symptom. This sensation can range from a dull ache to a throbbing pressure. It is commonly associated with various underlying causes, often stemming from viral or bacterial infections.
Common Causes of Eye Pain When Sick
One primary reason for eye pain during an illness is inflammation and pressure within the sinuses. When the air-filled cavities in your forehead, cheeks, and behind your nose become inflamed or congested due to a cold or flu, the pressure can radiate to the areas around your eyes, causing discomfort. This is particularly noticeable with conditions like sinusitis, where swollen sinus cavities can press on nerves and muscles around the eyes.
Viral infections, such as the common cold and influenza, can lead to systemic inflammation that affects various parts of the body, including the eyes. The body’s immune response to fight these infections can cause eye pain. Cold viruses can also target the delicate tissues in the nasal passages and eyes, leading to inflammation and irritation.
Another frequent cause is conjunctivitis, often referred to as “pink eye,” which can be triggered by respiratory infections like colds or the flu. Adenoviruses are a common cause of viral conjunctivitis, leading to red, painful, and watery eyes. This inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelid, causes discomfort, itching, and sometimes discharge. While less common, certain serious viral infections like shingles can also affect the eye, causing blistering, redness, swelling, and inflammation of the cornea.
Understanding Accompanying Symptoms
Eye pain during illness often presents alongside other symptoms, which can provide clues about the underlying cause. For instance, if eye pain is accompanied by nasal congestion, facial tenderness, or a feeling of pressure in the forehead, it frequently points towards sinus issues. The pain might intensify when bending over due to increased sinus pressure.
Symptoms like redness, itchiness, a gritty sensation, and discharge from the eye, especially if crusting occurs overnight, are characteristic of conjunctivitis. Sensitivity to light, also known as photophobia, can accompany eye pain in various conditions, including conjunctivitis or general systemic inflammation from a cold or flu. Headaches, body aches, and fever are common systemic symptoms that can occur with eye pain, indicating a broader viral or bacterial infection.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While eye pain during illness often resolves as the body recovers, certain signs indicate the need for medical evaluation. Seek medical care if you experience severe eye pain, especially if it is accompanied by a sudden change in vision, such such as blurring or loss of sight. Persistent or worsening pain that does not improve after a few days also warrants attention.
Other indicators for seeking medical help include significant discharge from the eye, unusual sensitivity to light, or any visible swelling or redness around the eyes that does not subside. If the eye pain occurs with a high fever, stiff neck, nausea, or vomiting, immediate medical attention is advisable.
At-Home Comfort Measures
For mild eye pain associated with common illnesses, several at-home measures can help provide comfort. Resting your eyes and body can help alleviate discomfort and support the healing process. Applying a warm compress can help relax eye muscles and improve circulation, while a cold compress can reduce swelling and inflammation.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage general body aches and reduce eye pain. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water is beneficial, as dehydration can contribute to dry, irritated eyes. To avoid eye strain, limit screen time. Practice good hand hygiene and avoid rubbing your eyes to prevent further irritation or the spread of infection.