Crying can sometimes lead to a burning sensation in the eyes. This common experience stems from the intricate composition of tears and the delicate balance of the eye’s surface. Understanding this physiological response can demystify why crying sometimes leads to this stinging feeling.
The Composition and Purpose of Tears
Tears are a complex fluid essential for eye health. They consist of three primary layers: an inner mucus layer that anchors tears to the eye, a middle aqueous (watery) layer that hydrates and protects, and an outer oily layer that prevents evaporation and ensures a smooth surface for clear vision. This intricate structure helps tears fulfill vital functions, including lubricating the eye, washing away dust and debris, and providing immune protection through antibacterial enzymes.
The body produces three types of tears, each with a distinct purpose. Basal tears are continuously present, maintaining lubrication and health. Reflex tears form rapidly in response to irritants like smoke or onion fumes, flushing out foreign substances. Emotional tears, triggered by strong feelings, are unique as they contain higher concentrations of stress hormones and proteins compared to basal or reflex tears.
Factors Contributing to Burning Eyes When Crying
The burning sensation during crying can arise from several interacting factors, often related to changes in tear chemistry or existing eye sensitivities. Emotional tears contain an elevated concentration of stress hormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin, along with certain proteins. While tears are naturally salty due to electrolytes, the altered chemical makeup of emotional tears, or a higher salt concentration, can contribute to temporary irritation and burning. The normal pH of tears typically ranges from 6.5 to 7.6, and any shift could also play a role in discomfort.
Environmental elements frequently exacerbate the burning sensation. Irritants like pollen, dust, smoke, and chemical residues from makeup can settle on the eye’s surface. When tears flow, they can wash these irritants across the eye, intensifying the burning feeling. Even sweat dripping into the eyes, especially if it contains sunscreen or makeup, can contribute to irritation.
Underlying eye conditions also increase the likelihood of burning eyes during crying. Dry eye syndrome, characterized by insufficient tear production or poor tear quality, leaves the eyes more vulnerable to irritation. Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, can disrupt the oily layer of tears, leading to faster evaporation and increased dryness and burning. Similarly, conjunctivitis, an inflammation or infection of the eye’s transparent membrane, can cause existing irritation that tears then aggravate.
Addressing Burning Eyes and When to Seek Medical Advice
To alleviate the burning sensation, several self-care measures can provide relief. Gently rinsing the eyes with cool water can help flush out irritants and soothe the surface. Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops, often called artificial tears, can supplement the natural tear film and provide moisture, reducing discomfort. Resting your eyes and avoiding prolonged screen exposure can also help reduce strain.
Preventative steps can minimize burning eyes. Limiting exposure to known irritants like smoke, strong fragrances, and allergens is beneficial. Maintaining good eye hygiene, such as thoroughly removing makeup, can prevent irritation from residues. If underlying conditions like dry eyes or blepharitis are present, managing them through regular care, including warm compresses, can improve overall eye comfort.
Consult a healthcare provider if the burning sensation is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Warning signs that warrant medical attention include intense pain, persistent redness, unusual discharge from the eye, changes in vision, or increased sensitivity to light. If burning eyes occur frequently without crying or if home remedies do not provide relief, a professional evaluation can help identify the root cause and ensure appropriate treatment.