Small bumps on the areolas, the darker skin around the nipple, are a common and normal part of breast anatomy. While their appearance might cause curiosity, these protrusions are harmless and serve specific biological functions. Understanding what these bumps are and why they appear can provide clarity.
What These Bumps Are
The bumps on your areolas are specialized structures known as Montgomery glands, also referred to as Montgomery’s tubercles or areolar glands. These small glands are found on the areola itself, sometimes extending onto the nipple, appearing as small, raised, goosebump-like structures.
The number and size of Montgomery glands vary significantly from person to person. Some individuals may have only a few, while others can have dozens on each areola, with an average often cited around 10 to 15 per side. They are present in both males and females.
Their Purpose and Why They Appear
Montgomery glands primarily act as sebaceous glands, producing an oily, waxy substance called sebum. This sebum lubricates and moisturizes the areola and nipple, preventing dryness and cracking, especially during physical stress like breastfeeding. The sebum also contains antibacterial properties, offering protection against infection for the delicate skin.
Beyond lubrication and protection, these glands play a role in infant feeding. Their oily secretions emit a specific scent that guides a newborn to the breast, encouraging proper latching. Research suggests this scent is similar to amniotic fluid, helping babies instinctively find their food source.
The prominence of these bumps often fluctuates in response to hormonal changes. They become more noticeable during puberty, different stages of the menstrual cycle, and particularly during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Hormonal shifts prepare the breasts for potential lactation, causing these glands to enlarge and become more visible. Even outside of pregnancy, hormonal imbalances or nipple stimulation can temporarily make them more apparent.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While Montgomery glands are a normal anatomical feature, certain changes warrant medical attention. It is important to differentiate between normal fluctuations and signs of an underlying issue. Consult a healthcare provider if the bumps exhibit significant changes in size, shape, or color, or if they appear suddenly alongside other concerning symptoms.
Symptoms such as pain, tenderness, redness, or warmth in or around the bumps may suggest an infection. Any discharge from the bumps, especially if bloody or unusual in consistency, should also be evaluated by a doctor. Additionally, if the bumps are accompanied by itching, a rash, or other changes to the breast tissue like dimpling, puckering, or nipple inversion, seek professional medical advice.