If you have observed a lizard performing repetitive up-and-down body movements, you are witnessing a common and intriguing behavior. This “push-up” like action is not exercise, but a sophisticated method of communication in the reptilian world. This article explores the reasons behind this fascinating behavior and the intricate messages lizards convey through these visual signals.
What Are Lizard “Push-Ups”?
Lizard “push-ups” are not actual calisthenics, but deliberate vertical body movements. A lizard typically lowers the front of its body toward the ground before lifting back up, similar to a human push-up. This action is often accompanied by head bobs or other gestures, serving as a clear visual signal.
Many lizard species, including anoles, fence lizards, and green iguanas, are known for these displays. These movements are a non-vocal form of communication, allowing lizards to convey information without making sounds. The performance serves as a visual announcement, easily noticeable.
The Language of Lizard Displays
Lizards primarily use these physical displays to convey two main messages: asserting dominance and attracting mates. This behavior is a crucial part of their social interactions, allowing them to communicate intentions and status. The intensity of these displays often reflects the lizard’s resolve and physical condition.
Male lizards frequently use “push-ups” to establish and defend their territory. They perform these displays to warn off rival males, signaling their strength and willingness to protect their space. A vigorous display can help a male appear larger and more formidable, potentially preventing physical confrontations which can be violent and destructive. By asserting dominance, males can secure larger territories that may contain multiple females.
Beyond territorial disputes, male lizards also utilize these displays as part of courtship rituals to attract females. The “push-ups” signal a male’s fitness, health, and genetic quality, making him a more appealing mate. A strong, consistent display indicates vigor and the ability to thrive. Females evaluate these displays to choose a suitable partner, and sometimes even female lizards perform these actions to signal their interest in mating.
Decoding the Display: Different Messages
The “push-up” behavior is a nuanced language, with subtle variations conveying specific messages. The speed, rhythm, and amplitude of the movements all contribute to the communication. For instance, faster, more intense “push-ups” can signal a stronger threat or greater excitement, while a slower pace might be a general greeting.
These movements are often combined with other visual signals to enhance the message. Many lizard species, such as anoles, extend a colorful flap of skin under their throat called a dewlap during their displays. The dewlap, with its species-specific colors and patterns, acts as a visual billboard, making the “push-ups” more noticeable and conveying identity. Head bobbing, another common accompanying behavior, also varies in speed and intensity to communicate dominance, submission, or interest. Some lizards, like the Western Fence Lizard, can also flash vibrant blue markings on their bellies during these displays, further showcasing their fitness.