The Biomechanics of Foot Movement
The human foot undergoes a natural rolling motion during walking or running. This motion involves two phases: pronation and supination.
Pronation occurs when the foot rolls inward, and the arch flattens slightly, distributing impact forces. This inward roll absorbs shock as the foot contacts the ground.
Supination is the outward roll, causing the arch to rise and the foot to become a rigid lever. This stiffening allows efficient propulsion, enabling push-off during the toe-off phase. Walking on the sides of the feet, often called underpronation or excessive supination, means the foot primarily bears weight along its outer edge throughout the gait cycle.
Underlying Causes
Various factors contribute to walking predominantly on the outer edges of the feet. Anatomical structure plays a role, with high arches or a rigid foot type being common predispositions. A high arch can limit the foot’s ability to pronate, causing it to remain supinated and transfer weight to the lateral side.
Gait patterns also influence weight distribution. Issues like an early or prolonged toe-off phase can prevent the foot from properly rolling inward for shock absorption. A leg length discrepancy can subtly alter foot and ankle mechanics, leading to uneven weight bearing.
Muscle imbalances around the ankle and lower leg can exacerbate this tendency. Weakness in muscles responsible for pronation, such as the tibialis anterior or posterior, hinders the foot’s natural inward roll. Conversely, tightness in muscles like the calf or peroneal muscles can pull the foot into a more supinated position. Footwear lacking arch support or with worn outer soles can encourage or worsen a supinated gait.
Common Symptoms and Associated Issues
Consistently walking on the sides of the feet can lead to various symptoms and physical issues. Localized pain is common, often felt along the outer ankle, knee, or hip. This pain arises from uneven pressure and increased stress on specific joints and soft tissues.
Individuals may experience recurrent injuries due to reduced shock absorption. Ankle sprains are common because the foot is less stable in this position. Stress fractures, especially in the metatarsal bones on the outer side of the foot, can develop from repetitive impact.
Thick calluses or painful corns often form on the outer edges of the feet due to chronic friction and pressure. Uneven wear on footwear, with the outer edges of shoe soles showing more wear, is also a clear indicator.
When to Consult a Specialist
Seeking professional medical advice for walking on the sides of your feet can prevent complications. If you experience persistent pain in your feet, ankles, knees, or hips that does not resolve with rest or basic self-care, a consultation is warranted. Recurrent injuries, such as repeated ankle sprains or unexplained stress fractures, also warrant professional evaluation.
If walking on the sides of your feet significantly impacts daily activities or quality of life, seek expert opinion. Podiatrists, orthopedic surgeons, or physical therapists are healthcare professionals who assess foot biomechanics and address gait abnormalities.