It is common for a person to experience changes in how their body smells during pregnancy, a phenomenon that can be surprising and often distressing. These shifts in body odor are a normal physiological occurrence, rooted in the significant biological adjustments the body undergoes to support a developing fetus. The change is not just about the production of a different smell, but also how the pregnant person perceives that smell.
Hormonal Drivers and Increased Metabolic Rate
The most significant factors driving a change in body odor are the massive fluctuations in pregnancy hormones and an elevated basal metabolic rate. Hormones like Estrogen and Progesterone surge, directly influencing the activity of the sweat glands in areas like the armpits and groin. Specifically, high levels of a potent estrogen, estradiol, can be a major contributor to a stronger underarm scent.
This hormonal surge leads to hyperhidrosis, which is simply increased sweating, as the body attempts to regulate its temperature. Simultaneously, the body’s overall blood volume can increase by up to 50% during pregnancy, requiring the heart to pump more blood. This increased effort causes the basal metabolic rate to speed up, which generates more internal heat.
The pregnant body runs warmer, and this higher core temperature necessitates more sweating to cool down, even in mild conditions. Sweat itself is mostly odorless, but when it mixes with the bacteria naturally present on the skin, a stronger odor is produced. The hormonal changes may also alter the chemical composition of the sweat, particularly the apocrine gland secretions that contain proteins and fats, which bacteria can then break down into more pungent compounds.
The Impact of Heightened Sense of Smell
While the body may produce a stronger odor, the pregnant person’s perception is dramatically altered by a condition called hyperosmia. Hyperosmia is an intensified sense of smell, and a majority of pregnant individuals report this heightened sensitivity, often beginning very early in the first trimester. This ability is largely attributed to the rising levels of hormones, particularly estrogen, which modulate the olfactory receptor neurons in the brain.
Smells that were once neutral or mild, including the person’s own natural scent, can suddenly seem overwhelming, repulsive, or even trigger nausea. The heightened sensitivity amplifies the perception of the smell, making it seem much worse than it is to others. This sensory change affects reactions to all scents, from perfumes and cleaning products to their partner’s natural pheromones. The heightened sense of smell typically subsides after delivery as hormone levels return to their pre-pregnancy state.
Strategies for Managing Odor Changes
Managing the change in body odor centers on practical, safe hygiene practices and lifestyle adjustments.
Daily showering with a mild, unscented soap is effective, focusing on areas prone to sweating like the underarms, groin, and feet. After bathing, thoroughly dry the skin, as moisture provides an ideal environment for odor-causing bacteria to thrive.
Clothing choices should prioritize natural, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen, which allow air to circulate and wick moisture away. Avoiding tight-fitting or synthetic materials reduces the accumulation of heat and sweat. Changing clothes frequently, especially after physical activity or if they become damp, helps maintain freshness.
Increasing water intake is a helpful strategy, as staying well-hydrated can dilute the concentration of odorous compounds in sweat. Temporarily reducing the consumption of strong-smelling foods, such as garlic, onions, and certain spices, may lessen the intensity of body odor, as their compounds can be released through sweat.
For product use, look for unscented or natural deodorants. Consult a healthcare provider before using any new antiperspirants or strong chemical products during pregnancy.