Variations in adult tooth numbers are common and often normal. Understanding why your tooth count might vary can clarify observations, especially if you have 14 teeth on the top and bottom. This article explains typical adult tooth numbers and reasons for variations.
Understanding Adult Tooth Numbers
The standard number of permanent teeth for most adults is 32. These are evenly distributed, with 16 in the upper jaw and 16 in the lower jaw. This full set comprises different types of teeth: eight incisors at the front for cutting food, four canines for tearing, eight premolars for crushing and grinding, and 12 molars, including the four wisdom teeth, for thorough chewing.
Many adults do not have their full complement of 32 teeth. A common adult tooth count is 28 teeth, meaning 14 in the upper jaw and 14 in the lower jaw. This count usually occurs because the four wisdom teeth either never developed or were removed. Wisdom teeth often present problems like impaction or overcrowding, leading to their extraction, making 28 teeth a common and healthy number for many individuals.
Why Some Adults Have Fewer Teeth
Beyond the absence or removal of wisdom teeth, other reasons can lead to fewer than 28 teeth. One significant reason is a condition called hypodontia, where individuals are congenitally missing certain permanent teeth. This hereditary condition can affect one to six teeth, excluding wisdom teeth. The teeth most commonly affected by hypodontia, other than wisdom teeth, include the upper lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars.
Tooth loss due to extraction is another common cause for a reduced tooth count. Teeth may be extracted due to severe decay, advanced gum disease (periodontitis), or trauma. Overcrowding, particularly in preparation for orthodontic treatment, can also necessitate the removal of some teeth.
Additionally, some teeth may be present in the jaw but have not erupted into the mouth, a condition known as impaction. While wisdom teeth are the most commonly impacted, other teeth like canines can also remain trapped in the gums or jawbone, contributing to a lower visible tooth count.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
If you have concerns about your tooth count or missing teeth, consult a dental professional. A dentist can determine the number of teeth you have through a thorough oral examination and dental X-rays. These diagnostic tools can reveal congenitally missing teeth, identify any unerupted or impacted teeth, and assess the health of your existing teeth.
A dental professional can provide personalized advice based on your individual oral health. They can explain whether your tooth count is within a normal range or if any variations require attention. Regular dental check-ups are important for maintaining overall oral health and addressing any concerns as they arise.