Common Reasons for the Scan
A urinary tract ultrasound is often recommended when individuals experience symptoms suggesting an issue within their urinary system. Persistent discomfort, such as pain in the lower back or abdomen, can signal underlying problems in the kidneys or bladder. These types of pain may indicate conditions like kidney stones or infections that require investigation.
Recurrent or frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are another common reason for this imaging test. While UTIs are often treatable with medication, repeated infections might point to structural abnormalities or blockages that make a person more susceptible. An ultrasound can help identify these potential anatomical issues.
The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) is a significant symptom that prompts an ultrasound examination. Hematuria can be a sign of various conditions, ranging from minor infections to more serious concerns like kidney stones or tumors. Difficulty urinating, including a weak stream, frequent urges, or incomplete bladder emptying, can also lead to a doctor requesting this scan to assess bladder function and potential obstructions.
What the Ultrasound Can Detect
A urinary tract ultrasound provides detailed images of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters, allowing healthcare providers to identify a range of medical conditions. One common finding is kidney stones, hard deposits that can form in the kidneys and cause significant pain or blockages. The ultrasound can pinpoint the size and location of these stones.
The scan also detects blockages, such as strictures or enlarged prostate glands in men, which impede urine flow. These obstructions can lead to urine backing up into the kidneys, a condition known as hydronephrosis, causing kidney swelling due to fluid accumulation. Identifying these blockages helps prevent kidney damage.
Beyond stones and blockages, the ultrasound can visualize cysts that may develop on the kidneys. While many cysts are benign, some may require monitoring or further evaluation. The imaging technique can also identify tumors in the kidneys or bladder, providing initial information for further diagnosis.
Abnormalities within the bladder, such as thickening of the bladder wall or diverticula (pouches), can also be seen. These findings can indicate chronic irritation, infection, or issues with bladder emptying. The ultrasound offers a non-invasive way to assess the urinary system’s structure and function.
What to Expect During Your Ultrasound
Preparing for a urinary tract ultrasound involves instructions to ensure clear images. You may be asked to drink several glasses of water an hour before the appointment and avoid urinating to ensure your bladder is full. A full bladder helps visualize its walls and surrounding structures.
During the procedure, you will lie on an examination table. A clear, water-based gel will be applied to your skin over the areas being examined. This gel helps the ultrasound waves travel from the transducer to your body and back, preventing air pockets that could interfere with image quality.
The sonographer will then press a transducer against your skin and move it around the area. The transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that bounce off your internal organs and create real-time images on a monitor. You might feel some pressure from the transducer, but the procedure is painless.
The entire ultrasound examination usually takes between 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the specific areas scanned and findings. Since ultrasound uses sound waves rather than ionizing radiation, it is considered a safe imaging technique, making it suitable for various patient populations, including pregnant individuals.