Many individuals undergoing a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen or pelvis are asked to drink a chalky liquid known as barium. This step is included in the diagnostic process to provide clear images for medical evaluation.
The Role of Barium Sulfate
Barium sulfate is a metallic compound used as a contrast agent in medical imaging. This stable, inorganic, and insoluble mineral salt is suspended in water for administration. Unlike other barium compounds, barium sulfate is not absorbed into the bloodstream. It works by coating the lining of digestive organs like the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, making these internal structures visible on imaging scans. The substance then passes through the digestive system and is excreted unchanged in the stool.
Enhancing CT Scan Clarity
The primary reason for consuming barium sulfate before a CT scan is to enhance image clarity, particularly within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Barium sulfate possesses high radiopacity, effectively blocking X-rays. This property creates a stark contrast between barium-filled organs and surrounding tissues that would otherwise appear similar in density on a standard CT scan. By outlining the internal contours of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, radiologists can more accurately identify potential abnormalities like tumors, blockages, or inflammation. This improved visualization aids precise diagnosis and treatment planning.
Preparing for Your Barium CT Scan
Preparation for a barium CT scan involves specific instructions on when and how much barium to drink. Patients consume a certain volume of the suspension in timed intervals before their appointment, sometimes starting the night before or several hours prior. Barium’s taste is often described as chalky; it may be flavored or refrigerated to improve palatability. Fasting instructions are common, requiring patients to avoid solid food for several hours before the scan, though clear liquids and necessary medications are permitted. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water before and after the exam helps flush the contrast from the system.
Addressing Common Concerns
Patients have concerns about the side effects of drinking barium. Mild, temporary digestive side effects are common, including constipation, abdominal cramping, nausea, or diarrhea. Increased fluid intake and dietary adjustments, such as eating high-fiber foods, can help manage constipation after the procedure. The barium will pass out of the body, resulting in white or grey stools for a day or two. Although allergic reactions are rare, patients should inform their healthcare provider of any known allergies prior to the procedure. Any significant or prolonged discomfort should be reported to a medical professional.