Small bumps around the nipples are common. While they can cause concern, these bumps are often a normal part of breast anatomy. They are usually benign, reflecting natural skin variations or hormonal influences. Understanding their causes can provide reassurance.
The Natural Presence of Montgomery Glands
Many small bumps around the nipple are Montgomery glands, also known as areolar glands. These tiny sebaceous glands are located on the areola, the pigmented area surrounding the nipple. They appear as small, raised bumps, sometimes resembling goosebumps. Their number varies among individuals, from a few to dozens on each breast.
Montgomery glands produce an oily, protective substance. This secretion lubricates the nipple and areola, preventing dryness and cracking, particularly during breastfeeding. The oily substance also contains antibacterial properties, protecting against infection. Additionally, these glands are believed to emit a scent that guides infants to the breast, aiding feeding. Their size and visibility can fluctuate, often becoming more prominent due to hormonal changes associated with puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
Other Common Causes of Nipple Bumps
Beyond Montgomery glands, other common, benign factors can cause nipple bumps. Sweat, oil, or dead skin cells can block hair follicles or pores, resulting in small, pimple-like bumps, similar to acne or folliculitis. Ingrown hairs, which can occur on the areola, may also cause small, painful bumps.
Sebaceous cysts are non-cancerous sacs that form under the skin when a sebaceous gland becomes blocked. Milia, tiny white bumps, develop when keratin, a protein found in skin, becomes trapped just beneath the surface. Skin irritation from external factors like friction from clothing, certain soaps, or lotions can also provoke temporary bumps or rash-like reactions on the areola.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While most nipple bumps are harmless, certain signs warrant a consultation with a healthcare professional. Bumps that become painful, tender, red, or warm could indicate an infection. Any bump that grows rapidly, changes shape or color, or feels firm and fixed beneath the skin should also be evaluated.
Nipple discharge, especially if bloody, foul-smelling, or occurring when not breastfeeding, is concerning. Associated skin changes such as dimpling, persistent redness, scaling, itching, or a rash that does not resolve also require medical attention. Additionally, if bumps are accompanied by fever or other signs of systemic infection, seek prompt medical advice for diagnosis and management.
Managing Nipple Bumps at Home
For benign nipple bumps, some home care practices can help maintain comfort and hygiene. Gentle hygiene is advisable; wash the area with mild, unscented soap and warm water to keep the skin clean without irritation. Avoid squeezing or picking at the bumps, as this can lead to irritation, infection, or scarring.
Wearing comfortable, breathable clothing, particularly bras made from natural fibers, can minimize friction and irritation. If the skin feels dry, applying a gentle, unscented moisturizer may provide relief. Ongoing self-monitoring for any changes in the bumps’ appearance or accompanying symptoms is also recommended, reinforcing the importance of knowing when to seek medical help.