Bumps inside the mouth can be concerning. These common oral lesions appear on the tongue, cheeks, lips, or roof of the mouth. Many are harmless and resolve on their own, but understanding potential causes is important. Knowing when a bump signals professional advice ensures timely care.
Common Non-Infectious Bumps
Many oral bumps are non-infectious and benign. Canker sores (aphthous ulcers) are common, small, painful sores with a white or yellow center and a red border. They develop on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums and often heal within one to two weeks, though larger ones may take longer. Stress, minor injuries, or certain food sensitivities can trigger their appearance.
Accidental trauma, such as biting the cheek or tongue or irritation from sharp foods, is another common cause. This can lead to a temporary swollen bump that subsides in days as the tissue heals. Dental appliances like braces or ill-fitting dentures can also create friction, causing localized irritation and bump formation.
Mucoceles are fluid-filled sacs that form when a small salivary gland duct becomes blocked or injured. They appear as round, dome-shaped lumps that can be transparent, bluish, or reddish, often found on the inner lip or floor of the mouth. They are usually painless and may resolve on their own, but sometimes require intervention if persistent.
Fibromas are benign, firm, smooth lumps developing from chronic irritation or trauma. They commonly appear on the inner lining of the cheeks or lips where repeatedly bitten or rubbed. These growths are painless and do not pose a cancer risk, though they can be removed if they cause discomfort.
Tori (e.g., torus palatinus on the roof of the mouth, torus mandibularis on the lower jaw) are harmless bony growths. They are usually slow-growing and hard to the touch, often present from birth or developing over time, with genetics potentially playing a role. They typically require no treatment unless interfering with eating, speaking, or dental prosthetics.
Bumps Linked to Infections
Some oral bumps result from infection, presenting distinct characteristics. Cold sores, caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), commonly appear on the lips but can also develop inside the mouth, including on the tongue or gums. These contagious, fluid-filled blisters often tingle or burn before becoming visible, crusting over as they heal within one to two weeks.
Oral thrush (candidiasis) is a yeast infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a fungus naturally present in the mouth. This condition often presents as creamy white patches resembling cottage cheese on the inner cheeks, tongue, or roof of the mouth. These patches can be scraped off, revealing a red, often tender, surface. Thrush is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, those using antibiotics, or infants.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to oral warts (oral papillomas). These non-cancerous growths can appear as small, round, or oval bumps, sometimes with a cauliflower-like texture. They are usually painless and can form on various oral surfaces, including the tongue, soft palate, or gums. While generally benign, any new growth should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
When to Consult a Professional
While many oral bumps are harmless, certain signs indicate professional evaluation is necessary. A bump persisting over one to two weeks without healing warrants attention. This is especially true for unusually large or frequently recurring sores, suggesting an underlying issue.
Any noticeable changes in the bump’s size, shape, color, or texture should prompt a visit to a dentist or doctor. Bumps that are severely painful, interfere with eating or speaking, or worsen over time require medical assessment. Spontaneous or easy bleeding from an oral bump is another concerning symptom.
Accompanying symptoms like fever, generalized swelling in the mouth or face, difficulty swallowing, or swollen neck lymph nodes can signal a more serious condition, such as a significant infection. Additionally, any red or white patches that do not rub off, or bumps with an unusual or suspicious appearance, should be examined. Professional diagnosis is important, especially for persistent or concerning oral lesions, as self-diagnosis is not a substitute for medical opinion.
Managing and Preventing Oral Bumps
For common, minor oral bumps, discomfort can be managed with simple approaches. Over-the-counter pain relievers can alleviate soreness; topical oral gels or rinses with mild anesthetics may provide temporary relief. Rinsing the mouth with salt water or a baking soda solution can soothe irritation and promote healing.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important for managing and preventing many oral bumps. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush and daily flossing keep the mouth clean and reduce irritation. Avoiding spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods during an outbreak can prevent further irritation and discomfort.
Identifying and avoiding specific triggers, such as certain foods or habits like cheek biting, can prevent recurrent bumps. Stress reduction techniques can be beneficial, as stress is a known trigger for conditions like canker sores. Regular dental check-ups are important for overall oral health, allowing professionals to detect concerning changes early.