Bumps on finger joints are common. They vary in appearance, consistency, and symptoms, from small, firm nodules to fluid-filled sacs. While some are painless and benign, others indicate underlying health conditions or cause discomfort. This article explores common reasons for finger joint bumps and when to seek medical attention.
Bumps from Arthritis
Arthritis is a frequent cause of bumps on finger joints, with different types presenting distinct characteristics. Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease, often leads to bony enlargements. These include Heberden’s nodes on the joint closest to the fingertip (DIP joints) and Bouchard’s nodes on the middle joint (PIP joints). These nodes are new bone growth (osteophytes) that form as protective cartilage wears away, causing bones to rub against each other. While they can be painful, especially when they first develop, the pain may lessen over time, though the bony deformity can persist.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune condition, can also cause bumps, known as rheumatoid nodules. These are firm lumps that develop under the skin, often near affected joints like the fingers and elbows. Unlike the bony nodes of OA, rheumatoid nodules are composed of inflammatory tissue and are typically non-tender. They can become painful if infected or if they press on a nerve. They can vary in size from pea-sized to larger and may be movable or fixed, sometimes indicating more severe or long-standing RA.
Gout, another inflammatory arthritis, can result in deposits called tophi. These are nodular masses of uric acid crystals accumulating in soft tissues, including around finger joints. Tophi often appear as swollen, bulbous growths under the skin and cause pain, particularly during gout flare-ups. They are a late complication of untreated gout and can lead to joint damage and deformity.
Other Common Bumps
Beyond arthritic conditions, other common causes for finger joint bumps include fluid-filled sacs. Ganglion cysts are benign growths appearing near joints or tendons, including in the fingers. These cysts are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid, and their size can fluctuate. While often painless, a ganglion cyst can cause discomfort, tingling, or weakness if it presses on a nerve or interferes with joint movement.
A specific type of ganglion cyst, known as a mucous cyst (or digital myxoid cyst), frequently forms near the last finger joint, close to the nail bed. These cysts are often associated with underlying osteoarthritis. Mucous cysts can sometimes cause fingernail changes, such as a groove or indentation, due to pressure on the nail matrix. They are typically smooth, shiny, and may appear translucent.
While less common than cysts or arthritic nodes, other benign skin growths like fibromas can also manifest as bumps on finger joints. These are generally small, firm, non-cancerous fibrous tumors.
When to Seek Medical Help
Consult a healthcare provider if you notice new or changing bumps on your finger joints. Seek medical attention for sudden onset or rapid growth, severe pain, noticeable redness, or warmth, which could indicate inflammation or infection.
Limited joint movement or difficulty performing daily activities due to the bump also warrants evaluation. Other concerning symptoms include fever, changes in skin color around the bump, or interference with fine motor skills. Any persistent, unexplained bump should be assessed by a medical professional.
What to Expect at the Doctor’s
When visiting a doctor for finger joint bumps, the diagnostic process begins with a physical examination. The doctor will inspect and feel the bump, assessing its size, consistency, and tenderness. They will also inquire about your medical history, including previous injuries, health conditions, and the bump’s duration.
Imaging tests may be recommended to evaluate the bump and underlying joint. X-rays identify bony changes, while ultrasound or MRI scans provide detailed views of soft tissues, useful for diagnosing cysts or inflammatory conditions. Blood tests might be ordered for inflammatory markers. Fluid aspiration from a cyst can help confirm its nature.
Management strategies depend on the diagnosis. Options range from observation for harmless bumps to conservative measures like splinting, pain relief, or physical therapy. If the bump causes pain, limits function, or is bothersome, surgical removal may be considered. The approach will be tailored to the underlying cause.