A persistent urge to cough, especially when exhaling, is a common symptom of COVID-19. This sensation often feels like a tickle or irritation in the throat or chest, prompting an involuntary clearing of the airways. While coughing is common in respiratory illnesses, its manifestation during exhalation in COVID-19 can be distinct.
Understanding the Mechanism
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, primarily targets the respiratory tract, leading to inflammation and irritation. When the virus infects cells lining the lungs and bronchi, it triggers an immune response that results in swelling and mucus production. This inflammation can make the airways more sensitive to airflow, especially during exhalation. The body’s cough reflex becomes hypersensitive due to viral presence.
The irritation extends to cough receptors throughout the respiratory system. These receptors become overstimulated, leading to an exaggerated cough response even to normal exhalation. Furthermore, COVID-19 can cause post-nasal drip, where excess mucus drains down the back of the throat. This mucus can further irritate sensitive throat tissues, contributing to the urge to cough, particularly when lying down or exhaling. The combination of inflamed airways, hypersensitive cough receptors, and post-nasal drip can trigger a strong coughing fit.
Managing the Exhalation Cough
Several at-home strategies can help manage the exhalation cough associated with COVID-19. Staying well-hydrated is important as it helps to thin mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways and reducing irritation. Drinking warm beverages like tea with honey or broth can soothe the throat and provide temporary relief. Cough drops or lozenges can also lubricate the throat, reducing the tickling sensation that prompts coughing.
Steam inhalation is another beneficial method, as the warm, moist air can help loosen trapped mucus and calm irritated airways. This can be achieved by taking a warm shower, using a humidifier, or leaning over a bowl of hot water while covering your head with a towel. Additionally, specific breathing techniques, such as pursed-lip breathing or diaphragmatic breathing, can help control airflow and reduce the intensity of the cough. Elevating the head and chest while resting can also prevent mucus from pooling and triggering nighttime coughing.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many COVID-19 symptoms resolve with time, certain signs indicate the need for medical attention. If the cough is accompanied by difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, even at rest, seek immediate medical help. Persistent chest pain or pressure that does not improve also warrants prompt evaluation.
Other warning signs include a high fever that lasts more than three days or spikes suddenly, new confusion, or an inability to wake up or stay awake. If lips, nail beds, or skin appear pale, gray, or blue, this indicates low oxygen levels and requires emergency care. A cough that becomes debilitating or lasts for more than three weeks should also be discussed with a healthcare professional.