A white dot on the gum can be surprising. While many instances are temporary and resolve without intervention, some may indicate an underlying condition. Understanding these reasons helps recognize when professional evaluation is beneficial. These spots can manifest as small, isolated dots, widespread patches, or even lace-like patterns.
Common Reasons for a White Dot
One frequent cause of a white dot on the gum is a canker sore, also known as an aphthous ulcer. These small, painful ulcers often start as red bumps before developing a white or yellowish center surrounded by a distinct red border. They can cause a stinging or burning sensation, particularly when consuming acidic or spicy foods, and resolve within one to two weeks.
Oral thrush, or candidiasis, presents as creamy white or yellowish lesions on the gums, tongue, roof of the mouth, and inner cheeks. This fungal infection, caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus, can result in a slightly raised, sometimes cottage cheese-like appearance. These lesions may cause soreness or minor bleeding if irritated.
Minor trauma or irritation to the gum tissue can also lead to white spots. This might occur from accidental biting, vigorous brushing, or friction from dental appliances like braces or dentures. These irritations can cause localized inflammation, leading to a temporary change in tissue color.
Another possibility is leukoplakia, which involves the development of white or grayish patches on the gums, insides of the cheeks, or other areas of the mouth. These patches may thicken or harden over time and cannot be easily scraped off. While many cases of leukoplakia are benign, some forms, particularly those with red speckles, can be precancerous and require monitoring.
Gingival cysts are fluid-filled sacs that appear on the gum line and are not painful, arising from blocked salivary ducts. Oral lichen planus, a chronic inflammatory condition, also manifests as white, lace-like patterns on the gums. These patterns are often painless but can develop into red, raised, or open sores that cause discomfort.
When to See a Dentist
Consult a dentist if a white spot on the gum persists for more than a week or two without healing. While many minor irritations resolve quickly, prolonged presence could indicate a more significant issue.
Professional evaluation is also recommended if the white dot is accompanied by pain that does not improve or worsens. Other concerning symptoms include swelling, numbness, difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the mouth.
A dentist should be seen if the spot is growing in size, changing in appearance, or bleeds easily. Any white patch with a persistent bad taste, unusual dryness, or a burning sensation when eating acidic foods warrants a professional assessment. These symptoms can differentiate a simple irritation from a condition requiring specific treatment.
What to Expect at the Dentist
During a dental visit for a white spot on the gum, the dentist will begin with a thorough visual examination of the affected area and mouth. They will inquire about the spot’s duration, associated symptoms, and your medical history. This initial assessment helps narrow down potential causes.
The dentist may gently touch the area to check for tenderness, texture, or firmness. Depending on their initial findings, they might recommend further diagnostic tests, such as an X-ray if a bacterial infection is suspected.
If a more serious condition like leukoplakia or oral cancer is a concern, the dentist may suggest a biopsy. This involves taking a tissue sample for laboratory analysis. Test results guide the treatment plan, ranging from observation and topical medications to minor procedures like surgical removal.