A sharp pain in the armpit can be a concerning sensation. The armpit, or axilla, is a complex area containing various muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes. While many instances are temporary and resolve without intervention, understanding potential causes can reduce anxiety and guide appropriate action.
Common Explanations for Armpit Pain
Muscle strain is a frequent cause of armpit pain. The muscles in the chest and arms, such as the pectoralis major, connect near the armpit and can be strained through overuse from activities like lifting weights or engaging in sports. This injury causes pain, especially with movement, and may include swelling or bruising.
Swollen lymph nodes are another common source of armpit pain. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that filter harmful substances as part of the immune system. During infections like a cold, flu, or skin infection, armpit lymph nodes can enlarge and become painful. Infections typically cause swollen lymph nodes to decrease in size within days or weeks.
Skin conditions can also cause armpit pain. The warm, moist environment of the armpit makes it susceptible to various irritations and infections. Folliculitis, a hair follicle infection often from shaving, causes inflamed, painful bumps. Ingrown hairs, where hair curls back into the skin, can also cause pain and sometimes lead to cysts or infections. Rashes, such as contact dermatitis from irritants like deodorants or soaps, or fungal infections like intertrigo, can cause itching, redness, and pain.
Nerve irritation can cause sharp armpit pain. Major nerves pass through the armpit; their compression or injury can lead to pain, numbness, or tingling. This pain can also originate from the upper chest or neck.
Cysts or benign lumps are non-cancerous growths that can develop in the armpit. Sebaceous cysts, formed when glands block, appear as soft or firm lumps and may become painful if inflamed or infected. Lipomas, harmless fatty tissue growths, are usually painless but can cause pain if they press on surrounding structures. Pain from other areas can also be felt in the armpit. Though less common, chest or shoulder pain can sometimes radiate to the armpit.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many instances of armpit pain are minor, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if armpit pain persists for more than a few days or worsens. A new lump or any change in an existing lump should be examined. Report lumps that are hard, fixed, or growing.
Accompanying symptoms like fever, chills, or general malaise can signal infection or other systemic issues. Redness, warmth, or significant swelling may also indicate infection or inflammation requiring treatment. If the pain is accompanied by weakness or numbness in the arm, it could suggest nerve involvement. Pain that significantly interferes with daily activities, like moving the arm or sleeping, warrants a medical consultation. Though less common, armpit pain accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness requires immediate emergency medical attention, as these can be signs of a more serious condition.
Diagnostic Approaches and Treatment Options
When seeking medical attention for armpit pain, a healthcare provider typically begins with a comprehensive medical history. This involves asking about the pain’s nature, duration, associated symptoms, and general health. Following the history, a physical examination of the armpit and surrounding areas, including the chest and arm, checks for lumps, swelling, redness, or tenderness. The doctor may also assess the arm’s range of motion.
Depending on findings, additional diagnostic tests may be recommended. Blood tests, like a complete blood count, can identify signs of infection or other systemic conditions. Imaging studies like ultrasound can visualize soft tissues and lymph nodes in the armpit. A mammogram or MRI might be considered if breast-related concerns are present. If a suspicious lump is found, a biopsy (taking a small tissue sample) might be performed to determine its nature.
Treatment for armpit pain is tailored to the underlying cause. For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be prescribed. Muscle strains often respond to rest and anti-inflammatory medications. Cysts that are painful or infected might require drainage. Skin conditions are treated with specific topical creams or medications, depending on the diagnosis. For benign conditions, observation may be the primary approach, focusing on symptom relief.
Self-Care and Prevention
For mild armpit pain, several self-care measures can provide relief. Resting the affected arm and avoiding activities that worsen the pain can help the area recover. Applying a cold compress can reduce soreness and swelling, particularly for muscle strains. Once initial swelling subsides, a warm compress can promote circulation and ease muscle pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
Maintaining good armpit hygiene is important for preventing skin-related pain. Regular washing and thoroughly drying the armpits can reduce the risk of bacterial or fungal infections. Using mild, fragrance-free products for personal care can help prevent allergic reactions and skin irritation.
Wearing loose-fitting clothing, especially breathable fabrics like cotton, can minimize chafing and reduce moisture buildup. For muscle-related pain, gentle stretching exercises can help improve flexibility and reduce stiffness once the initial pain subsides. Preventing muscle strain pain also involves warming up adequately before physical activity.