A visible “bubble” in the eye refers to a localized swelling or growth on the eye’s surface, which can vary in appearance. While commonly used, the term encompasses a range of underlying conditions, most of which are benign. Understanding these causes helps clarify when professional attention is warranted.
Common Benign Eye Conditions
Many instances of a perceived eye “bubble” stem from common, non-cancerous growths on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye.
A pinguecula appears as a yellowish, slightly raised bump, typically found on the white of the eye near the nose, though it can also occur on the outer side. It consists of protein, fat, or calcium deposits and usually does not grow over the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. These growths are often linked to chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, wind, and dust.
A pterygium is a fleshy, triangular growth that begins on the conjunctiva and can extend onto the cornea, potentially affecting vision. It often has visible blood vessels and is associated with long-term exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust. While pingueculae rarely progress, pterygia can grow and may require intervention if large enough. Both are typically asymptomatic but can cause irritation, dryness, redness, or a gritty sensation, making it feel as though something is in the eye.
A conjunctival cyst is a common, usually harmless, fluid-filled sac that can appear on the eye’s surface. These clear blisters or bubbles result from irritations like chemicals, allergies, dry air, or vigorous eye rubbing. Cysts are often asymptomatic, but larger ones might cause a feeling of something stuck in the eye, discomfort during blinking, or in rare cases, blurred vision. Many resolve on their own.
Less Common or Acute Causes
Beyond common benign growths, other less frequent or acute conditions can manifest as an eye “bubble” or similar sensation.
Air bubbles can become trapped under the conjunctiva, a condition known as chemosis. This can occur due to eye trauma, excessive rubbing, or as a complication following eye surgery. Chemosis presents as a clear, blister-like swelling on the white of the eye, which can vary in severity.
A subconjunctival hemorrhage, while not a true bubble, presents as a bright red patch on the white of the eye due to a broken blood vessel beneath the conjunctiva. The accumulated blood can appear raised, leading some to perceive it as a bubble. This condition is typically harmless and often occurs spontaneously from actions like coughing, sneezing, straining, or minor trauma. It usually resolves on its own within a few weeks as the blood is reabsorbed.
A foreign body sensation can create the perception of a bubble or localized swelling. A small particle, such as an eyelash, dirt, or debris, entering the eye can cause irritation, pain, and localized inflammation that feels like a bump or bubble. The eye might become watery and red, with a scratchy feeling, particularly during blinking. Prompt removal of the foreign body is key to resolving this sensation.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
While many eye “bubbles” are benign, certain signs and symptoms warrant prompt evaluation by an eye care professional, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Sudden onset or rapid growth of any eye bump or bubble warrants concern. Pain, significant redness, or persistent irritation accompanying the bubble indicate a need for medical attention. These symptoms can suggest an underlying inflammatory process or other issue requiring diagnosis.
Changes in vision, including blurriness, double vision, or any degree of vision loss, are serious symptoms that necessitate immediate professional assessment. Discharge from the eye, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), or a history of recent eye trauma or surgery also signal the need for urgent medical consultation. Any personal anxiety or persistent concern about an eye bubble, regardless of other symptoms, is a valid reason to consult an eye care specialist for diagnosis.
Treatment and Management Options
Treatment for an eye “bubble” depends entirely on its underlying cause.
For common benign conditions like pingueculae and pterygia, treatment is often unnecessary if asymptomatic. If irritation or dryness occurs, lubricating eye drops, such as artificial tears, are recommended to soothe the eye. Protecting eyes from environmental irritants like sun, wind, and dust by wearing sunglasses or hats helps prevent irritation and slow growth. For significant inflammation, a short course of steroid eye drops may be prescribed. Surgical removal is an option, reserved for instances where growth affects vision, causes persistent discomfort, or for severe cosmetic reasons.
Conjunctival cysts often resolve without intervention. If they cause discomfort, lubricating eye drops can provide relief. For persistent or larger cysts, aspiration (draining the fluid with a needle) or surgical removal may be considered.
Acute causes like air bubbles under the conjunctiva often resolve as the air is absorbed, though the underlying cause, such as trauma, needs to be addressed. For foreign bodies, prompt professional removal is the primary treatment to prevent further irritation or damage. Ultimately, a precise diagnosis from an eye care professional guides the most appropriate and effective management plan.