“Greening out” describes an overwhelming and unpleasant reaction to consuming too much cannabis. This experience is common, though uncomfortable, and understanding its underlying causes and how to respond can help individuals manage or prevent it. The term itself is often used to describe feeling sick or ill after cannabis use, similar to “blacking out” from alcohol.
Understanding “Greening Out”
“Greening out” refers to feeling unwell or experiencing adverse effects after consuming too much cannabis, particularly products with high THC content. Common physical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and sweating, often accompanied by a pale appearance. Psychological symptoms can involve intense anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, disorientation, and a rapid heart rate.
The Body’s Reaction to Too Much Cannabis
“Greening out” occurs due to overstimulation of the body’s endocannabinoid system, particularly the CB1 receptors. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, directly binds to and activates these CB1 receptors, which are highly concentrated in the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. When excessive THC overwhelms these receptors, it disrupts their normal signaling. This overstimulation can affect brain areas regulating nausea, anxiety, and blood pressure. The body’s natural endocannabinoids also interact with these receptors, but excessive external cannabinoids like THC can push the system beyond its homeostatic balance.
Common Factors That Increase Risk
Several factors can increase the likelihood of “greening out.” The potency of cannabis, specifically its THC content, plays a significant role, as higher THC levels increase risk. Consumption method also influences the experience; edibles, for instance, are known for causing “greening out” because their effects are delayed and can last much longer, sometimes up to eight hours, leading users to consume more before feeling the initial impact. A lack of tolerance, particularly in new or infrequent users, makes individuals more susceptible.
Consuming cannabis on an empty stomach increases the risk, as food helps absorb the cannabinoids and stabilize blood sugar levels, mitigating symptoms like nausea. Mixing cannabis with other substances, especially alcohol, significantly intensifies its effects due to increased THC absorption and heightens the risk of “greening out.” The user’s “set and setting”—their mood and environment—also contribute; if a person is already feeling anxious or is in an uncomfortable setting, cannabis can amplify these negative feelings, making a “green out” more likely.
Managing a “Green Out” Episode
If someone is experiencing a “green out,” finding a safe, quiet, and comfortable place helps reduce anxiety and discomfort. Staying hydrated by slowly sipping water or juice helps alleviate dry mouth and dizziness. Eating a small, bland snack, such as toast or crackers, helps stabilize blood sugar and reduce nausea.
Practicing deep, slow breathing exercises helps regulate heart rate and reduce panic. Remind yourself or the individual that the effects are temporary and will pass, as reassurance can calm the situation. While “greening out” is rarely life-threatening, prolonged vomiting, severe chest pain, or loss of consciousness warrant immediate medical attention.
Preventing Future Occurrences
To prevent future “green out” episodes, start with a low dose of cannabis and increase it slowly, especially when trying a new product or method of consumption. Understanding the product’s potency is important to avoid overconsumption. Avoid mixing cannabis with other substances, especially alcohol, as this significantly increases the risk.
Consuming cannabis on a full stomach helps buffer its effects and reduce nausea or dizziness. Being aware of personal tolerance and individual reactions to cannabis is also important, as effects can vary greatly between individuals. Taking breaks between uses allows the body to process THC and prevents overwhelming the system.