Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory phenomenon characterized by a pleasant, static-like tingling sensation. This sensation typically begins on the scalp and often spreads downwards to the neck, spine, and sometimes the limbs. People describe it as a “low-grade euphoria” accompanied by positive feelings, sometimes likened to a mild electrical current. Common ASMR triggers include soft whispers, gentle tapping sounds, personal attention, and specific visual stimuli. The unique sensations evoked by these stimuli involve underlying scientific and neurological processes.
The Brain’s Response to ASMR
Brain imaging studies, particularly using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), reveal distinct patterns of neurological activity in individuals experiencing ASMR. These studies show increased activation in specific brain regions during ASMR episodes. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPPC), associated with self-awareness and social behaviors, activates during ASMR, suggesting these stimuli simulate social engagement.
Other implicated regions include the nucleus accumbens, a center for reward, and the insula, linked to emotional arousal and body awareness. The secondary somatosensory cortex, which processes touch, also shows activity, explaining the physical tingles. This broad activation suggests a complex, cross-sensory or emotional response.
Research indicates ASMR experiencers have different functional connectivity within their default mode network (DMN), a brain network active during rest. Decreased DMN connectivity in ASMR experiencers may contribute to their unique sensory-emotional experiences.
Neurochemical Basis of the Tingles
The pleasurable and calming aspects of ASMR tingles are thought to involve the release of specific neurochemicals. These include neurotransmitters and hormones that influence mood, reward, and social bonding. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure, plays a part in the enjoyable sensation of ASMR. Its release, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, contributes to the pleasant feeling.
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter well-known for its role in mood regulation and overall well-being, is also linked to the ASMR experience. It can elevate mood and contribute to feelings of relaxation and sleepiness. Oxytocin, often referred to as the “love hormone,” is implicated due to its role in social bonding, trust, and feelings of calm. The release of oxytocin in the medial prefrontal cortex may mediate the relaxation responses experienced during ASMR.
Endorphins, which function as natural pain relievers and mood elevators, also contribute to the euphoric and tingling sensations. The collective interplay of these neurochemicals is believed to create the distinct tingling sensation and the accompanying feelings of relaxation and euphoria. This neurochemical cascade can reduce stress and promote a calm state by activating the brain’s reward pathways.
Individual Differences in ASMR Experience
Not everyone experiences ASMR; some feel no response or find the stimuli irritating. This variability suggests several contributing factors influence an individual’s susceptibility. Genetic predispositions may play a role, with inherited traits affecting sensitivity to neurochemicals like oxytocin.
Personality traits also correlate with ASMR experiences. Individuals who report ASMR tingles tend to score higher on “openness to experience.” Research also suggests a correlation with neuroticism or anxiety, indicating that ASMR can help reduce anxiety levels.
Variations in brain structure and function may also contribute to individual differences. Studies have observed structural differences, such as reduced cortical thickness, in brain areas related to sensory functions and attention among ASMR experiencers. Individual exposure to certain stimuli and past experiences might also shape a person’s responsiveness over time.