Experiencing sores during menstruation is a common and often uncomfortable occurrence. Various physiological reasons linked to the body’s natural rhythms contribute to their development during the menstrual cycle. Understanding these mechanisms can help in managing such experiences.
Hormonal Influences on Your Body
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen and progesterone, are primary drivers behind period-related bodily changes and susceptibility to sores. These shifts occur throughout the menstrual cycle, altering the body’s internal environment and increasing the likelihood of developing sores.
Hormonal changes impact skin barrier function and sensitivity. Declining estrogen before menstruation reduces skin hydration and elasticity, making skin more fragile. This fragility can lead to breaks or irritation, increasing susceptibility to sores.
Hormonal fluctuations also influence the body’s inflammatory responses. Estrogen modulates inflammation, and its changing levels can make inflammatory pathways more active. This heightened response can manifest as redness, swelling, and discomfort, contributing to sore formation.
Menstrual cycle hormones also modulate immune system activity. Immune surveillance can fluctuate, becoming less robust around menstruation. This temporary dip in immune efficiency may allow latent viruses, like herpes simplex, to reactivate. It can also make the body more vulnerable to new infections or worsen existing inflammatory conditions, increasing sore development.
Specific Conditions Leading to Sores
Hormonal and immune shifts during the menstrual cycle can trigger or worsen specific conditions causing sores. A common example is herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation, leading to cold sores. Fluctuations in immune function around menstruation can trigger an outbreak, causing painful blisters.
Canker sores are another type of painful, non-contagious sore appearing inside the mouth. While their cause is unknown, triggers include stress, minor oral injuries, nutritional deficiencies, and hormonal changes. Many report a correlation between canker sores and their menstrual period.
The vulvar and vaginal areas can experience sores or irritation due to menstrual cycle influences. Yeast infections are common, as hormonal changes alter vaginal pH, creating a hospitable environment for yeast overgrowth. This can lead to itching, burning, and sores from irritation and scratching.
Folliculitis (inflamed hair follicles) and ingrown hairs are also frequently observed in the pubic area during menstruation. Increased sweating, friction from sanitary products, and hormonal changes can contribute to blocked or inflamed hair follicles. These appear as red, painful bumps resembling sores. Skin sensitivity in the genital area can also lead to irritation that feels like a sore, especially with moisture and friction from menstrual products.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While some period-related sores may be minor and resolve on their own, seek medical attention if they are extremely painful, do not heal within 7-10 days, or spread. Additional symptoms like fever, unusual discharge, or pus also require medical evaluation.
A doctor can accurately diagnose the specific cause of sores, which is crucial for effective management. They can recommend treatment options, such as antiviral medications for HSV or antifungal treatments for yeast infections. Diagnosis helps rule out serious conditions and ensures suitable care.
If the sores significantly impact your daily activities, cause considerable distress, or recur frequently, a healthcare professional can help. They can discuss prevention or management strategies. While comfort measures like keeping the area clean and dry or wearing breathable underwear offer some relief, professional guidance is necessary for persistent or severe issues.