Finding a new lump can be concerning, especially in the groin. While often unsettling, these lumps are frequently benign (non-cancerous). Understanding them can reduce anxiety.
What Are Groin Cysts?
A cyst is a sac-like pocket of tissue under the skin, filled with fluid, air, or semi-solid material. In the groin, these typically develop in the inguinal or perineal regions. Most are non-cancerous and originate from skin structures or glands, forming a noticeable bump.
Different Types and Their Origins
Epidermoid cysts form when surface skin cells become trapped beneath the skin, often due to a blocked hair follicle or minor trauma. This leads to a buildup of keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, forming a movable nodule.
Sebaceous cysts occur when sebaceous glands, which produce oily sebum, become blocked or damaged. This blockage causes sebum and skin particles to accumulate, forming a cyst. They often contain a yellow, oil-like substance and can result from a ruptured hair follicle or improperly developed duct.
Bartholin’s cysts occur near the vaginal opening in biological females when the ducts of the Bartholin’s glands, which lubricate the vagina, become obstructed. This causes fluid to back up, leading to swelling. Obstruction can result from infection or injury.
Pilonidal cysts, often near the tailbone but extending to the groin, are caused by loose hairs puncturing the skin and becoming embedded. The body forms a sac around this material. Friction and pressure from prolonged sitting or tight clothing can contribute to their development.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing cysts and abscesses in areas like the groin. It begins when hair follicles clog and rupture, leading to painful lumps and channels that may leak pus. While resembling cysts, HS involves inflammation and scarring. Any groin lump requires medical evaluation for a definitive diagnosis, distinguishing it from conditions like swollen lymph nodes or hernias.
Recognizing Symptoms and When to Seek Care
Groin cysts manifest as a palpable lump under the skin. Depending on size and inflammation, they may cause pain or tenderness. Signs of inflammation or infection include redness, warmth, and pus or fluid discharge. Some cysts also cause discomfort when walking or sitting.
Many cysts are harmless and may resolve on their own. However, seek medical attention if the cyst rapidly increases in size or becomes intensely painful. Signs of infection, such as fever, spreading redness, or significant swelling, also warrant prompt evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis if the cyst interferes with daily activities or if you are uncertain about any new lump.
Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Medical professionals diagnose groin cysts through a physical examination. The doctor assesses the lump’s size, consistency, and tenderness, and inquires about its history and symptoms. Imaging studies like ultrasound may further evaluate the cyst and differentiate it. Rarely, a biopsy (tissue sample) might confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possibilities.
Treatment varies based on the cyst’s type, size, and symptoms. Small, asymptomatic cysts may be observed, as many resolve without intervention. If a cyst becomes large, painful, or infected, drainage (incision and drainage) may be performed. This involves a small cut to allow fluid or pus to exit.
Surgical excision, or complete removal, is an option for recurring cysts, persistent problems, or cosmetic concerns. If a bacterial infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed. The treatment plan is tailored to the individual’s condition.
Preventive Strategies and Self-Care
While not all groin cysts are preventable, certain practices can reduce risk or manage existing ones. Maintaining good personal hygiene, keeping the skin clean and dry, can prevent blockages and infections.
Wearing loose-fitting clothing reduces friction and irritation, minimizing the risk of certain cyst types. For pilonidal cysts linked to ingrown hairs, managing hair with methods like laser hair removal or depilatory creams may reduce recurrence. Avoid squeezing or bursting a cyst, as this can lead to infection and complications. These are general strategies; professional medical advice is paramount for diagnosis and treatment.