Plasma donation is a common and important medical procedure, but some individuals may experience nausea afterward. While generally safe, understanding why this side effect occurs can help manage the experience, and donors can take steps to minimize the risk of feeling unwell.
The Body’s Response to Plasma Donation
Plasma donation involves a process called plasmapheresis, where blood is drawn from the donor, and a machine separates the plasma from other blood components. Plasma, which is about 92% water, makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume. The red blood cells and other components are then returned to the donor, often mixed with a saline solution. This process leads to a temporary reduction in the body’s overall fluid volume, which can affect blood pressure and circulation. Anticoagulants, such as citrate, are also introduced during the process to prevent the blood from clotting in the machine.
Common Reasons for Nausea
Nausea after plasma donation can stem from several physiological responses, each impacting the body’s balance.
A common reaction is a vasovagal response, a temporary drop in heart rate and blood pressure. This can be triggered by anxiety, stress, or the sight of blood, leading to symptoms like lightheadedness, sweating, and nausea.
Dehydration and reduced blood volume are also factors. Since plasma is largely water, its removal leads to a temporary fluid deficit. This decrease in blood volume can cause blood pressure to drop, resulting in dizziness, lightheadedness, and nausea.
The anticoagulant citrate, used during donation, can also contribute to nausea. Citrate works by binding to calcium in the blood to prevent clotting. A temporary decrease in free calcium can lead to mild symptoms, including tingling around the mouth or extremities, chills, and sometimes nausea.
Inadequate nutrition before donation can lead to low blood sugar, which may cause weakness and nausea. Additionally, psychological factors such as anxiety or stress about the donation can trigger physical symptoms like nausea.
Steps to Minimize Nausea Risk
To reduce the likelihood of experiencing nausea after plasma donation, several preventive measures can be taken. Staying well-hydrated is important; drinking plenty of water or other non-caffeinated fluids in the 24 hours leading up to the donation helps maintain blood volume.
Eating a healthy, iron-rich meal before donating is also advised, along with a balanced snack containing carbohydrates and protein within an hour or two of the appointment to help stabilize blood sugar levels. Avoiding heavy, fatty meals, caffeine, and alcohol before donation can also support a smoother experience, as caffeine and alcohol can contribute to dehydration.
Getting adequate rest the night before donation is also beneficial. Communicating any feelings of discomfort or anxiety to clinic staff before or during the process is helpful, as they can offer support and make adjustments.
What to Do If Nausea Occurs
If nausea develops after plasma donation, immediate steps can help alleviate the discomfort. Lying down or sitting with feet elevated can improve blood flow to the head and help stabilize blood pressure. Sipping water or juice can aid in rehydration and help restore blood sugar levels. Deep, slow breathing can also assist in calming the body.
After the donation, continue to prioritize hydration by drinking extra fluids for the next 24 hours. Eating a light, nutritious snack or meal can help the body recover. It is advisable to avoid strenuous physical activity for the remainder of the day.
If nausea persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other severe symptoms such as prolonged dizziness, vomiting, fainting, chest pain, or shortness of breath, it is important to contact the donation center staff or seek medical attention.