Feeling a lump in the vaginal area can be a source of concern. While some causes are benign, others may require medical attention. Understanding potential reasons can alleviate anxiety and guide appropriate care. A healthcare provider can offer an accurate diagnosis and discuss management options.
Common Reasons for a Vaginal Lump
Normal anatomical variations of the vagina and vulva can be felt as lumps. The vaginal walls naturally have folds and ridges, known as rugae, which allow for expansion. Similarly, structures like the G-spot, an area of sensitive tissue on the anterior vaginal wall, might be felt as a distinct area.
Cysts are frequently encountered in the vaginal region. Bartholin’s cysts form when the Bartholin glands become blocked. These cysts can range in size from a pea to a golf ball, often appearing as soft, round bumps on the labia and typically causing no pain unless infected. If infected, they can become tender, swollen, and red, sometimes leading to an abscess.
Sebaceous cysts are another type, developing when oil-producing glands in the vulva become blocked, resulting in a lump filled with a greasy, yellowish-white material. These cysts are generally harmless but can become inflamed or infected. Skin tags are small, fleshy growths that can appear on the vulva or near the vaginal opening. They are benign but can become irritated by friction.
Other common findings include ingrown hairs, which can create small, sometimes painful or itchy bumps, particularly after shaving or waxing. These often resolve on their own. Vulvar cysts, including inclusion cysts, can form on the vaginal wall due to injury, such as tears during childbirth, and are usually small and symptomless.
Less Common but Important Causes
Vaginal prolapse occurs when weakened supporting muscles and tissues cause pelvic organs to bulge into the vagina. Different types of prolapse exist depending on the organ involved. A cystocele involves the bladder bulging into the front vaginal wall, a rectocele involves the rectum pushing into the back wall, and an enterocele describes the small intestine bulging into the vaginal canal.
Uterine prolapse happens when the uterus descends into the vagina. These prolapses can manifest as a sensation of heaviness, pressure, or a noticeable bulge or lump inside or protruding from the vagina. Symptoms can worsen after prolonged standing or lifting and may include issues with urination or bowel movements.
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. While many fibroids cause no symptoms, some can grow large enough to be felt as a lump or cause pressure. In rare instances, a type of fibroid called a pedunculated fibroid can be pushed into the cervix or prolapse into the vagina, leading to pain or bleeding.
Vaginal or cervical polyps are another potential cause. Cervical polyps are finger-like growths on the cervix that can protrude into the vagina, typically being small and non-cancerous. They may cause abnormal bleeding, such as spotting between periods or after intercourse, or unusual discharge. While most polyps are benign, any new growth warrants evaluation to rule out malignancy.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
While many vaginal lumps are benign, certain signs and symptoms indicate the need for prompt medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider for any new, unexplained, or persistent lump in or around the vaginal area, even if it’s not causing discomfort.
Specific symptoms that warrant medical attention include rapid growth of the lump or changes in its color or texture. If the lump becomes painful, tender to the touch, or is accompanied by redness and swelling, it could indicate an infection or abscess requiring treatment. A foul-smelling discharge from the lump is another concerning sign of infection.
Additional warning signs include fever or feeling generally unwell alongside a vaginal lump. If the lump causes difficulty with urination, bowel movements, or pain during sexual activity, these symptoms should also be discussed with a doctor. For individuals over 40, any new lump near the vaginal opening should be evaluated promptly, as, though rare, it could indicate a more serious condition.
Understanding a Medical Evaluation
A healthcare provider typically begins by taking a detailed medical history for a vaginal lump. This includes questions about the lump’s onset, any associated symptoms, and overall health. The discussion helps the provider understand the context of the concern.
Following the history, a physical examination, often referred to as a pelvic exam, is usually performed. This examination involves a visual inspection of the external genitalia, or vulva, to check for any visible growths, redness, or discharge. A speculum is then inserted to allow the provider to view the vagina and cervix clearly. During this part of the exam, the walls of the vagina are inspected for any abnormalities, and a Pap test may be performed if due.
The physical exam typically concludes with a bimanual examination. During this step, the provider inserts one or two gloved fingers into the vagina while placing the other hand on the lower abdomen. This allows the provider to feel the size, shape, and consistency of the uterus, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic organs, detecting any internal lumps or tenderness. Depending on initial findings, further diagnostic tests like an ultrasound (to visualize structure) or a biopsy (tissue sample for analysis) may be recommended. These steps ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.