Bleeding after flossing is a common occurrence. While it may seem counterintuitive for an oral hygiene practice to cause bleeding, several underlying reasons explain why this happens. Understanding these causes and implementing appropriate measures can improve gum health and reduce bleeding.
Understanding Why Gums Bleed
The most frequent reason for bleeding gums during flossing is gingivitis, which is an early stage of gum disease. Gingivitis develops when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, accumulates on tooth surfaces and along the gumline. This plaque irritates the gum tissue, leading to inflammation, swelling, and increased sensitivity, making the gums prone to bleeding when disturbed by flossing or even brushing.
Improper flossing technique can also cause gums to bleed. Using excessive force, a harsh sawing motion, or snapping the floss aggressively between teeth can injure delicate gum tissue. This can create small cuts or abrasions, leading to immediate bleeding.
If someone is new to flossing or has recently resumed a flossing routine after a period of neglect, their gums might bleed initially. This occurs because accumulated plaque and bacteria have caused some inflammation, and the gums need time to adjust to the regular cleaning. Typically, this initial bleeding should subside within about 3 to 10 days of consistent, gentle flossing as the gum tissue toughens and inflammation decreases.
Certain other factors can also contribute to bleeding gums. Hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy, can make gums more sensitive and susceptible to inflammation and bleeding due to increased blood flow. Additionally, some medications, like blood thinners or certain painkillers, can reduce the blood’s clotting ability or cause gingival swelling, making gums more prone to bleeding. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamins C or K, or underlying health conditions can also play a role.
Improving Your Flossing Technique
To prevent bleeding and promote healthier gums, adopt a gentle yet effective flossing technique. Break off about 18 inches (45 cm) of floss and wind most of it around your middle fingers, leaving a short section (about 1-2 inches or 3-4 cm) taut between your thumbs and index fingers. This provides control for maneuvering the floss.
Gently slide the floss between your teeth using a careful sawing motion, avoiding snapping it forcefully against the gums. Once the floss reaches the gum line, curve it into a “C” shape against one side of the tooth, hugging the tooth’s contour. Then, gently slide the floss into the space between the gum and the tooth, going slightly below the gum line.
Rub the floss up and down along the side of the tooth, cleaning the entire surface. Repeat the “C” shape and up-and-down motion on the adjacent tooth. Unwind a fresh section of floss for each tooth to avoid reintroducing bacteria. Flossing once daily helps remove plaque and prevents its buildup, contributing to overall gum health. Combining daily flossing with brushing twice a day and using an antibacterial mouthwash can enhance oral hygiene.
When to Consult a Dentist
While some initial bleeding when starting a new flossing routine can be temporary, persistent bleeding warrants a professional evaluation. If your gums continue to bleed despite consistent and proper flossing for more than a week or two, schedule a dental appointment. This persistence could indicate a more entrenched issue requiring professional intervention.
Consult a dentist if bleeding gums are accompanied by other symptoms, including:
- Pain or tenderness
- Noticeable swelling or redness
- Receding gums or persistent bad breath
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Pus oozing from between your teeth
These signs may indicate more advanced gum disease, such as periodontitis, which requires prompt dental care.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for maintaining gum health and addressing any underlying issues. A dentist can thoroughly examine your gums, measure pocket depths around teeth, and identify or rule out systemic health conditions or medication side effects that might be contributing to gum bleeding. Early detection and treatment of gum disease can help prevent further complications, including potential tooth loss.