Hawks are often seen perched with their wings extended. This posture, which might initially appear puzzling, is a normal and important behavior. It represents a series of adaptive strategies serving several biological functions.
Sun-Soaking: A Natural Heater and Health Boost
Hawks, like many avian species, use the sun to help regulate their body temperature. By spreading their wings, they maximize the surface area exposed to solar radiation, allowing them to absorb warmth efficiently. This is particularly beneficial on cool mornings or after cold nights, as it helps the hawk raise its core body temperature without expending much energy. This passive warming helps them quickly reach an optimal temperature for activity.
The warmth absorbed from sun exposure can also contribute to a hawk’s digestive processes. Elevated body temperature can accelerate metabolic rates, assisting the bird in processing its meals more effectively. This can be especially helpful following the consumption of larger prey items, aiding in nutrient assimilation.
Sunlight exposure also plays a role in the synthesis of Vitamin D in hawks. Birds produce Vitamin D3 through their skin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, which is then used for calcium absorption, bone health, and eggshell formation. While birds may also obtain some Vitamin D from their diet, direct sunlight is a primary source.
Sunbathing also serves as physical maintenance, helping to deter or dislodge ectoparasites like mites and lice. The sun’s heat makes these parasites uncomfortable, prompting them to move or fall off, contributing to feather hygiene.
The Post-Rain Feather Drying Ritual
Hawks also extend their wings to dry their plumage. After rain, heavy dew, or a bath, feathers can become saturated. Waterlogged feathers are heavier and hinder efficient flight, making takeoff or maneuvering challenging.
Extending their wings facilitates better air circulation through feathers. This posture allows air to flow effectively across individual feathers, speeding moisture evaporation.
Maintaining dry feathers is important for insulation. Wet feathers lose their ability to trap air, which forms an insulating layer against cold. Prompt drying restores this natural thermal barrier.
Proper drying also preserves the structural integrity and waterproofing of a hawk’s plumage. Regular drying ensures these structures remain intact, supporting efficient flight and overall health.
Where and When You Can Spot This Behavior
Observing hawks with spread wings is most often seen on clear, sunny days. This behavior is particularly prevalent in the mornings after a cool night or following a period of precipitation. The duration can vary, lasting anywhere from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on the specific environmental conditions and the hawk’s needs.
Hawks typically select elevated, exposed perches for this activity. Common locations include dead trees, telephone poles, or tall fence posts. Open fields and other elevated natural structures also provide suitable spots, offering unobstructed access to sunlight, good air circulation, and a clear view.
While this posture indicates well-being, it’s helpful to differentiate it from signs of distress. A hawk sunning or drying will generally appear alert and aware of its environment, occasionally adjusting its position. If a hawk appears unresponsive, listless, or unable to move, it may be in distress and require assistance.