The uncomfortable sensation many people feel after eating gummy candies signals that the physical and chemical properties of these treats are actively irritating the tooth structure. Unlike other sweets, gummies combine two distinct threats: their highly adhesive nature and their composition of simple sugars and acidifiers. This combination maximizes both mechanical stress and chemical erosion on the teeth, often leading to acute pain or sensitivity.
The Problem of Adhesion
The sticky texture of gummy candies is primarily due to ingredients like gelatin, pectin, and high concentrations of corn syrup. These compounds create a unique viscoelastic material that adheres strongly to surfaces. This strong adhesion means that pieces of the candy become tightly lodged in the pits and fissures of the molars and between the teeth. Unlike chocolate, which dissolves quickly, gummies are held against the tooth surface for extended periods, prolonging the contact time. This prolonged presence provides a sustained source of fuel for oral bacteria, accelerating the chemical processes that lead to discomfort and damage.
The Role of Sugar and Acid
The sugars trapped by the sticky candy serve as the primary food source for oral bacteria, particularly species like Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria rapidly metabolize the sugars and produce acidic byproducts, most notably lactic acid. This process causes the pH level in the mouth to drop below 5.5, the point at which tooth enamel begins to demineralize. Many gummy candies also contain added ingredients like citric acid for sour flavor, creating a double assault on the enamel. The combination of bacterial acid and candy acid accelerates enamel erosion. When the enamel is weakened or worn down, the underlying dentin becomes exposed. Sweet substances or acids reaching these exposed tubules trigger the sharp, sudden pain known as dentin hypersensitivity.
Risks to Existing Dental Work
Acute, sharp pain when eating gummies often results from the mechanical stress placed on existing dental restorations. The highly adhesive candy grips tightly onto fillings, crowns, or veneers. As the jaw moves, the sticky mass pulls on the restoration with a significant shear force. This action can loosen the cement seal beneath a crown or dislodge an older filling. The resulting immediate, intense pain is caused by the sudden exposure of the inner, sensitive dentin or pulp tissue. Furthermore, the powerful forces generated by chewing can exacerbate hairline cracks or cause a restoration to fracture.
Practical Steps for Mitigation
If you choose to consume gummy candies, there are specific steps to take immediately afterward to minimize dental harm. The simplest action is to rinse your mouth thoroughly with plain water right after finishing the candy. This washes away loose sugar and sticky residue, preventing prolonged contact and raising the pH toward a neutral level. Chewing sugar-free gum for about 20 minutes is also beneficial, as it stimulates a strong flow of saliva, which is the mouth’s natural defense against acid. Saliva contains minerals that aid in the remineralization of enamel and buffering agents that neutralize the acid produced by bacteria. Wait approximately 30 minutes after eating before brushing your teeth. Brushing immediately after an acid attack risks scrubbing the acid into temporarily softened enamel, causing more damage.