Ears commonly pop or feel pressure when you are sick. This sensation, often described as fullness or a clicking sound, is common during illness. It signals a temporary disruption in the ear’s normal function, usually resolving as the illness subsides.
The Science of Ear Popping When Sick
Ear popping or pressure involves the Eustachian tubes, small passageways connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat and nose. These tubes equalize air pressure, drain fluids, and allow air circulation in the middle ear. Normally closed, they open when you swallow, yawn, or chew, balancing pressure between the outside environment and the middle ear.
During common illnesses like colds, the flu, sinus infections, or allergies, the body experiences inflammation and increased mucus production. This response can cause the lining of the Eustachian tubes to swell and become congested with mucus. When these tubes are blocked or their function is impaired, they cannot properly regulate the air pressure in the middle ear. This pressure imbalance can lead to a feeling of fullness, muffled hearing, pain, or the characteristic popping sensation.
Relieving Ear Pressure
Several techniques can alleviate ear pressure. Swallowing, yawning, and chewing gum can encourage the Eustachian tubes to open, helping to equalize pressure. Over-the-counter decongestants can reduce swelling in the nasal passages, which may help drain fluid from the ears. However, nasal decongestant sprays should not be used for more than two or three consecutive days to avoid rebound congestion.
The Valsalva maneuver involves taking a deep breath, closing your mouth, pinching your nostrils shut, and gently exhaling. This action can force air into the Eustachian tubes, helping to equalize pressure. It is important to perform this maneuver gently to avoid potential ear drum injury. Applying a warm compress to the ear or inhaling steam from a hot shower can also help loosen mucus and provide some relief.
When to Seek Medical Help
While ear symptoms during illness often resolve on their own, certain signs indicate a need for medical evaluation. If ear pain is severe or persists for more than two to three days, or if it worsens, consult a healthcare provider. Symptoms such as significant hearing loss, fluid drainage from the ear, or a feeling of severe pressure or fullness that does not improve also warrant attention.
Additionally, seek medical help if you experience dizziness, vertigo, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), or balance problems, as these could suggest an inner ear issue. A high temperature, general unwellness, or swelling around the ear are further indicators. Prompt evaluation can help identify any underlying complications, such as an ear infection, and ensure appropriate treatment.