Nail discoloration can be a concerning change, and a green tint often signals an underlying issue. This particular change in nail color, known as chloronychia or green nail syndrome, is typically caused by a bacterial infection.
Why Your Nails Turn Green
The most frequent cause of green nail discoloration is an infection by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium thrives in moist environments, making nails susceptible when frequently exposed to water, soaps, or detergents. Occupations that involve prolonged wet hands, such as healthcare workers, cleaners, homemakers, and barbers, often experience this condition.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces characteristic blue-green pigments called pyoverdin and pyocyanin. These pigments accumulate in the nail plate or under the nail, resulting in a green, greenish-yellow, or greenish-black appearance. The infection often occurs when there is a separation of the nail from its bed, a condition called onycholysis, which creates a moist pocket for bacterial growth. Trauma to the nail, aggressive manicures, or artificial nails can also predispose individuals to this infection.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
Seek medical advice if green discoloration persists or is accompanied by other symptoms. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience pain, swelling, or discharge around the nail. A foul odor or changes in nail texture, such as brittleness or thickening, also warrant medical attention.
These symptoms could indicate a more severe infection or an underlying health issue. A medical professional can accurately diagnose the cause, differentiate it from other conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis can prevent the condition from worsening and ensure effective management.
Treatment Options for Green Nails
Treatment for green nails focuses on eliminating the bacterial infection and addressing predisposing factors. For mild cases, topical antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or nadifloxacin solutions can be applied directly to the affected nail. These solutions help target bacterial growth. Keeping the nail dry is also important, as Pseudomonas thrives in moisture.
In more severe or persistent infections, oral antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, may be prescribed. Trimming the affected nail and removing any detached portions can help topical treatments penetrate. In rare instances, surgical removal of the nail might be considered. Avoid applying nail polish or artificial nails over an infected nail, as this can trap moisture and worsen the condition.
Preventing Green Nail Discoloration
Preventing green nail discoloration involves minimizing moisture exposure and maintaining good nail hygiene. Regularly keeping nails clean and thoroughly drying hands, especially after washing, deters bacterial growth. Wearing protective gloves when performing wet tasks, such as washing dishes or cleaning, reduces the risk.
Avoiding prolonged exposure to water and ensuring proper ventilation for hands and feet. Trim nails regularly and avoid aggressive manicures or trauma that could lift the nail plate. Taking breaks from occlusive nail products like artificial nails or nail polish allows the nail to breathe and prevents moisture entrapment. Addressing any underlying nail disorders, such as onycholysis or psoriasis, reduces susceptibility to green nail syndrome.