A sudden decrease in milk supply can be a source of significant worry for breastfeeding parents. Understanding the reasons behind such a change can help in addressing the situation effectively. Fluctuations in milk production are a natural part of the breastfeeding journey.
Common Reasons for a Decrease
Changes in feeding patterns are a frequent reason for decreased milk supply, as milk production operates on a supply-and-demand principle. If milk is not removed frequently or effectively from the breast, the body receives a signal to produce less. This can occur if a baby starts sleeping longer stretches at night, if feeding sessions are missed, or if formula supplementation reduces the baby’s demand for breast milk.
An improper latch can also significantly impact milk supply because the baby may not be able to remove milk efficiently. When breasts are not thoroughly emptied, it signals the body to decrease production, leading to a drop in supply. Signs of a poor latch include pain for the nursing parent or the baby making clicking noises while feeding.
Parental stress and inadequate rest can suddenly affect milk production. High levels of stress can interfere with the hormones involved in milk synthesis and release, making it harder for the body to produce and let down milk. A lack of sufficient sleep can hinder the body’s ability to maintain an optimal milk supply.
The parent’s nutritional and hydration status also plays a role in milk production. If the breastfeeding parent is not consuming enough calories or nutrients, or is not adequately hydrated, it can lead to a decrease in milk supply. Breast milk is primarily water, making consistent fluid intake important for maintaining production. The return of menstruation can also cause a temporary dip in milk supply due to hormonal shifts, often occurring just before or at the start of a period.
Other Contributing Factors
Certain medications can impact milk supply, even those considered safe. For instance, some decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, certain antihistamines, and hormonal birth control (especially those containing estrogen) are known to potentially reduce milk production. Always discuss any medications with a healthcare provider to understand their potential effects on lactation.
A new pregnancy can also lead to a decrease in milk supply due to significant hormonal changes. The hormonal environment of pregnancy shifts the body’s focus, which can naturally reduce milk production. A temporary or permanent dip in supply is a common experience.
When the breastfeeding parent experiences an illness or infection, such as mastitis or a common cold, their milk supply may temporarily decrease. The body’s energy and resources are redirected to fighting the illness. Supply usually returns to normal once the parent recovers.
Underlying medical conditions can also be a factor in a sudden milk supply drop. Conditions such as thyroid issues, diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), or retained placental fragments after birth can interfere with the body’s ability to produce milk effectively. These conditions can disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for sustained milk production.
Immediate Steps to Take
To address a sudden decrease in milk supply, increasing the frequency of feeding or pumping sessions is a primary step. Since milk production is driven by demand, more frequent milk removal signals the body to produce more. Aim for at least 8 to 12 feeding or pumping sessions within a 24-hour period to stimulate milk synthesis effectively.
Ensuring a proper latch is crucial for effective milk transfer and supply maintenance. A deep and comfortable latch allows the baby to efficiently drain the breast, providing the necessary feedback to the body to continue milk production. If unsure about the latch, seek guidance from a lactation professional.
Power pumping, which mimics a baby’s cluster feeding, can help stimulate an increase in milk supply. This involves pumping for short, frequent bursts over an hour or so, for example, pumping for 10-20 minutes, resting for 10 minutes, and repeating for an hour. Skin-to-skin contact with the baby can also promote milk production by releasing oxytocin, a hormone that aids in milk let-down and production.
Prioritizing rest and adequate hydration and nutrition supports the body’s ability to make milk. Getting sufficient sleep can help manage stress and support hormonal balance. Consuming a balanced diet with enough calories and drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day are also important for maintaining a healthy milk supply.
When to Seek Professional Support
If home remedies and increased feeding or pumping do not improve milk supply, seek professional support. A lactation consultant can assess the situation comprehensively, identify underlying issues like latch problems, and develop a personalized plan. They can observe feeding sessions and provide tailored advice.
Concerns about the baby’s weight gain or insufficient wet and soiled diapers are clear indicators that professional help is needed. These signs suggest the baby may not be receiving enough milk for healthy growth and development. A healthcare provider can evaluate the baby’s growth trajectory and suggest appropriate interventions.
Persistent pain during breastfeeding, signs of infection like fever or red streaks on the breast, or a feeling of a lump that does not resolve, warrant immediate medical attention. These symptoms could indicate issues such as mastitis or a clogged duct requiring treatment. If an underlying medical condition is suspected, consulting a doctor is important for diagnosis and management.