A dental implant serves as a permanent tooth replacement, functioning much like a natural tooth by replacing the root portion with a metal post. This post is surgically placed into the jawbone, providing a stable foundation for an artificial tooth. While dental implants generally have a high success rate, experiencing one “falling out” can be concerning. This article explains common reasons why an implant might fail and outlines the necessary steps to take.
Reasons for Early Implant Failure
Early implant failure occurs within the first few months following placement. A primary cause is failed osseointegration, meaning the implant did not properly fuse with the jawbone. This can happen due to insufficient bone quality or quantity at the implant site.
Infection at the surgical site can also lead to early failure. Bacteria can compromise the healing process. Surgical issues, such as overheating the bone during drilling or incorrect implant placement, may also contribute to the implant not stabilizing properly. Additionally, placing excessive force on the implant before it has had sufficient time to integrate can disrupt healing, leading to instability.
Causes of Later Implant Failure
Later implant failure occurs months or even years after successful integration. A frequent reason is peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition similar to gum disease that affects the tissues and bone surrounding the implant. This condition can progress to bone loss if left untreated, leading to implant loosening. Contributing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, and certain systemic diseases.
Excessive force or occlusal overload, often from teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), can damage an implant over time. Unlike natural teeth, implants lack a cushioning ligament, meaning they absorb forces directly. This can lead to bone loss around the implant or even fracture of the implant or its components. Trauma from accidents or injuries can directly impact the implant or the bone supporting it, leading to its dislodgement.
Systemic health conditions can influence the long-term success of dental implants. Uncontrolled diabetes, for instance, can impair the body’s healing ability and increase the risk of infection, affecting implant stability. Osteoporosis, which reduces bone density, may also compromise the bone’s ability to support the implant over time. Failure of implant components, such as the crown, abutment, or the implant body itself, can occur due to wear, manufacturing defects, or excessive stress.
Immediate Actions to Take
If a dental implant feels loose or has fallen out, do not attempt to reinsert it, as this could cause further damage. Carefully retrieve any loose parts, including the implant post, abutment, or crown. Place these components in a clean container for your dentist to examine.
Contact your dentist immediately to schedule an emergency appointment. Prompt attention can help prevent complications, such as bone loss or further infection. While waiting, rinse your mouth gently with warm salt water to keep the area clean. Refrain from chewing on the affected side to avoid further irritation.
Maintaining Implant Health
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important for the long-term health of your dental implants. This includes brushing at least twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste, focusing on the areas around your implants. Daily flossing is also important to remove plaque and food particles; interdental brushes or water flossers can be effective.
Regular dental check-ups are necessary to monitor implant health and detect issues early. During these visits, your dentist can assess implant stability, check for infection, and perform professional cleanings. If you experience teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), your dentist may recommend a custom-fitted night guard to protect your implants from excessive forces.
Smoking cessation improves the success rate and longevity of dental implants, as smoking impairs healing and increases the risk of complications like peri-implantitis. Managing systemic health conditions, such as diabetes, contributes to the stability of your implants. Avoiding extremely hard or sticky foods can help prevent damage to the implant components.