The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), an invasive planthopper, has become a prominent insect across New York City. Its rapid proliferation has drawn attention from residents and authorities alike.
Origin and Journey to NYC
The spotted lanternfly is native to Asia. It was first detected in the United States in September 2014 in Pennsylvania, likely arriving through overseas shipments.
From its initial introduction, the spotted lanternfly spread rapidly by “hitchhiking.” It lays egg masses on hard surfaces like vehicles and transported goods, facilitating long-distance movement. It reached New York City, where it was first discovered on Staten Island in August 2020.
Reasons for Proliferation in NYC
A primary reason for the spotted lanternfly’s rapid population growth in New York City is the absence of natural predators. In Asia, parasitic wasps regulate populations, but these natural enemies are largely missing in the United States. While some generalist predators exist, they are not enough to control the populations.
Another factor is the widespread availability of its preferred host plant, the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima), common in urban environments. Although the spotted lanternfly can feed on over 70 plant species, including grapevines, maples, and fruit trees, the Tree of Heaven is particularly attractive. This abundant food source supports large populations and aids reproduction.
The urban environment also contributes to proliferation. Dense cityscapes create warmer microclimates that favor the lanternfly’s survival and reproduction. Additionally, the constant movement of people and goods helps disperse the insect, as egg masses are laid on outdoor surfaces.
Ecological and Economic Consequences
Spotted lanternflies damage plants by sucking sap. This feeding depletes a plant’s stored nutrients and inhibits photosynthesis, potentially stunting growth. While mature trees may withstand some feeding pressure, susceptible plants like grapevines can experience severe decline or death from heavy infestations.
As they feed, these insects excrete honeydew, a sugary liquid. It accumulates on surfaces, fostering black sooty mold. Sooty mold coats outdoor furniture and sidewalks, interferes with plant photosynthesis, compromises plant health, and reduces the marketability of agricultural crops.
The agricultural sector faces threats from the spotted lanternfly. Vineyards, hop farms, and orchards are vulnerable to damage, especially those growing grapes. Large populations can reduce crop yields and quality, leading to economic losses for farmers. Beyond agriculture, these insects are a nuisance to residents, impacting outdoor spaces.
Community and Government Actions
Individuals can take direct action to manage spotted lanternflies. Squashing adult lanternflies is recommended. Another measure involves scraping off egg masses, found on smooth surfaces. These masses can be scraped into a plastic bag containing rubbing alcohol or hand sanitizer.
Individuals should inspect vehicles, outdoor furniture, and other items before moving them from infested areas, to prevent spread. For residents outside of New York City’s core counties, reporting sightings to the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets is encouraged to track spread. Within NYC, where populations are widespread, the emphasis is on immediate eradication rather than reporting.
Government agencies, including the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets and NYC Parks, monitor and mitigate the spread of the spotted lanternfly. Efforts include public awareness campaigns, surveys, and exploring control methods, including biological controls. Widespread chemical treatments are not typically employed in urban areas due to cost and potential impact, but targeted management strategies are implemented for high-value trees or agricultural areas.