Montgomery glands are small, raised bumps located on the areola, the darker skin around the nipple. These glands are a normal part of breast anatomy and can become more noticeable or swollen at various times. While often a benign occurrence, understanding their function and when swelling might indicate a concern is helpful for personal health awareness.
Understanding Montgomery Glands
Montgomery glands are specialized sebaceous glands, similar to oil-producing glands found on other parts of the body. They appear as tiny, fleshy bumps on the areola. The number of these glands can vary widely among individuals.
These glands serve several biological functions. They produce an oily, waxy substance called sebum, which lubricates and protects the nipple and areola, helping to prevent dryness and cracking. The secretions also possess antimicrobial properties, offering a protective barrier against infections. Some research suggests the glands emit a scent, similar to amniotic fluid, which may help guide a newborn to the breast for feeding.
Common Reasons for Swelling
Swelling of Montgomery glands can arise from both normal physiological changes and specific pathological conditions. Understanding these distinctions can help determine if medical attention is needed.
Physiological Causes
Hormonal fluctuations are a common reason for Montgomery gland enlargement. During puberty, the glands may become more noticeable as breast tissue develops. Similarly, changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle can lead to temporary swelling.
Pregnancy is a frequent cause of increased prominence. This enlargement is part of the body’s preparation for lactation, as the glands become more active in producing lubricating and protective secretions, a role they continue during breastfeeding.
Pathological Causes
Beyond normal hormonal shifts, Montgomery glands can swell due to other factors. Blocked ducts can occur if the oily secretions become trapped, leading to a pimple-like swelling or a cyst. Blockages can occur from skin cells or certain nipple creams. Irritation from tight clothing can also contribute to blockages by restricting airflow and causing friction.
If bacteria enter a blocked gland, it can lead to inflammation or infection. Mastitis, a broader breast infection, can also involve the areolar area and impact these glands.
When to Consult a Doctor
While swollen Montgomery glands are often harmless, certain symptoms warrant a medical evaluation. You should consult a healthcare provider if the swelling is accompanied by persistent pain, redness, or warmth in the area. Pus discharge from the gland suggests an infection and warrants medical attention.
A fever, chills, or general fatigue alongside breast changes can indicate a more widespread infection, such as mastitis. If the swelling is unilateral (affecting only one breast) or rapidly worsens, seek medical advice. Any unusual lump, dimpled skin, or discolored, dry, or flaky skin on the areola or breast should be evaluated by a doctor.
Caring for Swollen Glands
Managing swollen Montgomery glands often involves simple self-care practices. Avoid squeezing or picking at the bumps, as this can increase the risk of irritation, infection, and scarring. Gentle cleaning with warm water alone is often sufficient, as harsh soaps can strip away the natural protective oils produced by the glands.
Wearing loose-fitting, comfortable clothing, especially during physical activity or breastfeeding, can help prevent irritation and allow the glands to breathe. If there is tenderness or discomfort, applying a warm compress to the affected area may help soften any blockages and reduce pressure. If symptoms persist beyond a day or two, or if signs of infection like redness, pain, or fever develop, seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.