A hot and burning sensation in the knees can be unsettling and often prompts concern. While alarming, this symptom frequently arises from understandable causes within the knee joint or surrounding tissues. Understanding the potential origins of this discomfort can help in addressing it appropriately.
Common Causes of Hot and Burning Knees
Many instances of hot and burning knees stem from inflammation, overuse, or minor injuries.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is a frequent cause. It occurs when the protective cartilage in the knee wears down, leading to bones rubbing together. This causes pain, stiffness, and inflammation, which can manifest as a burning sensation due to nerve irritation. This condition is more common in older adults and can be worsened by excess weight or previous knee injuries.
Bursitis
Bursitis, inflammation of the small, fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the knee, can also cause a burning sensation. This often results from repetitive motion or prolonged pressure. The burning pain typically develops on the inside or outside of the knee, and the affected area may also feel warm, tender, and swollen.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), known as “runner’s knee,” causes pain around or behind the kneecap. It often results from overuse, improper kneecap alignment, or muscle imbalances. The burning sensation can intensify with activities like climbing stairs, squatting, or after prolonged sitting.
Tendinitis
Tendinitis, or patellar tendinitis, involves inflammation of the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone. This overuse injury, common in repetitive jumping or running, causes burning pain in the front of the knee.
Less Common but Significant Causes
While less frequent, certain conditions causing hot and burning knees warrant prompt attention due to their potential severity.
Gout
Gout, an inflammatory arthritis, results from high uric acid levels in the bloodstream. This leads to sharp uric acid crystals forming within a joint, including the knee, causing sudden, intense burning pain. A gout flare-up can make the joint swollen, red, and hot, often starting rapidly.
Septic Arthritis
Septic arthritis is a serious joint infection. It occurs when bacteria, viruses, or fungi infect the joint fluid and tissues, often spreading from elsewhere in the body. Symptoms appear quickly, including intense swelling, severe pain, warmth, fever, and chills. Untreated, it can rapidly damage joint cartilage and bone.
Nerve Entrapment or Damage
Nerve entrapment or damage can cause a burning sensation in the knee, even if the issue originates elsewhere. Sciatica, for example, involves irritation of the sciatic nerve in the lower back, causing radiating burning pain down the leg to the knee. Irritation or compression of nerves around the knee, like the peroneal nerve, can also lead to burning, numbness, or tingling.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention for a hot and burning knee if:
The pain is severe, especially after an injury or forceful impact.
The knee joint appears deformed, made a “popping” sound, or you cannot bear weight.
The knee is suddenly and significantly swollen, warm, tender, or red.
You have a fever or chills accompanying knee symptoms.
Symptoms worsen, persist despite self-care, or interfere with daily activities.
This information is for guidance and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Immediate Steps for Relief
For immediate, temporary relief from a hot and burning knee, several self-care measures can be applied. The R.I.C.E. method, which stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, is a widely recommended first aid approach.
Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate the pain.
Ice: Apply ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times daily, wrapped in a thin towel.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage to help manage swelling.
Elevation: Elevate the knee above heart level to encourage fluid drainage.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can also help alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation.